IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i4p3510-d1068237.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Nuanced Analysis on Livelihood Resilience of Vietnamese Upland Households: An Intersectional Lens of Ethnicity and Gender

Author

Listed:
  • Phuong Thi Tran

    (Centre for Climate Change Study in Central Vietnam, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City 49000, Vietnam
    Faculty of Land Resource and Agricultural Environment, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City 49000, Vietnam)

  • Tan Quang Nguyen

    (International School, Hue University, Hue City 49000, Vietnam
    Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama City 700-8530, Japan)

  • Chuong Van Huynh

    (International School, Hue University, Hue City 49000, Vietnam)

  • Ty Huu Pham

    (Faculty of Land Resource and Agricultural Environment, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City 49000, Vietnam)

  • Ulrike Schinkel

    (Infrastructure and Municipal Development, IZES gGmbH, 66115 Saarbrucken, Germany)

Abstract

“How to gauge the resilience of a household’s livelihood?” and “who is resilience for?”; as the world’s volatility increases, especially with unprecedented changes in climate, interest in these questions continues to rise. While many previous conventional attempts to measure resilience at the household level have largely employed the “objective” top-down framework relying mostly on a macro observed socioeconomic dataset, this present work seeks to estimate household resilience through an alternative bottom-up method, called the “subjective” resilience approach. With specific reference to the context of two ethnic Pa Cô and Tà Ôi minorities living in upland areas of Central Vietnam, this study aims to (1) measure household resilience to climate change by scoring five livelihood capitals, financial, human, social, physical, and natural, by applying the Household Livelihood Resilience (HLR) framework; and (2) provide an intersectional lens of ethnicity and gender in relation to the household’s livelihood resilience. To achieve these goals, in addition to two focus group discussions and eleven in-depth interviews, an empirical survey of 236 households was conducted between September to December 2021. Our findings indicated that there are differences in observed livelihood resilience among the ethnic minority groups and, within that, between gender (sex, status) factors. Ethnic women and poor households have a lower resilience than other groups in society due to their lower human capital and limited access to public and financial resources, which are to some degree linked to the difference in the gender division of labor and the cultural norms of patriarch traditions. This study highlights the importance of considering gender and poverty in resilience-building efforts and offers insights for future programs in multi-ethnic developing countries such as Vietnam.

Suggested Citation

  • Phuong Thi Tran & Tan Quang Nguyen & Chuong Van Huynh & Ty Huu Pham & Ulrike Schinkel, 2023. "A Nuanced Analysis on Livelihood Resilience of Vietnamese Upland Households: An Intersectional Lens of Ethnicity and Gender," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3510-:d:1068237
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/4/3510/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/4/3510/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Van Thanh Tran & Duc-Anh An-Vo & Geoff Cockfield & Shahbaz Mushtaq, 2021. "Assessing Livelihood Vulnerability of Minority Ethnic Groups to Climate Change: A Case Study from the Northwest Mountainous Regions of Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Klasen, Stephan & Lechtenfeld, Tobias & Povel, Felix, 2015. "A Feminization of Vulnerability? Female Headship, Poverty, and Vulnerability in Thailand and Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 36-53.
    3. Patricia K. Mogomotsi & Amogelang Sekelemani & Goemeone E. J. Mogomotsi, 2020. "Climate change adaptation strategies of small-scale farmers in Ngamiland East, Botswana," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 159(3), pages 441-460, April.
    4. Quandt, Amy, 2018. "Measuring livelihood resilience: The Household Livelihood Resilience Approach (HLRA)," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 253-263.
    5. Nani Maiya Sujakhu & Sailesh Ranjitkar & Jun He & Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt & Yufang Su & Jianchu Xu, 2019. "Assessing the Livelihood Vulnerability of Rural Indigenous Households to Climate Changes in Central Nepal, Himalaya," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, May.
    6. Vo Hoang Ha & Takeshi Mizunoya & Nguyen Duc Kien & Truong Quang Dung & Le Thanh An & Nguyen Thai Phan & Nguyen Quang Tan & Pham Thi Trieu Tien & Nguyen Cong Dinh, 2022. "Post-flood recovery in the central coastal plain of Vietnam: determinants and policy implications," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 6(3), pages 899-929, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Uddhav Prasad Guragain & Philippe Doneys, 2022. "Social, Economic, Environmental, and Physical Vulnerability Assessment: An Index-Based Gender Analysis of Flood Prone Areas of Koshi River Basin in Nepal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-26, August.
    2. Misganaw Teshager Abeje & Atsushi Tsunekawa & Nigussie Haregeweyn & Zerihun Nigussie & Enyew Adgo & Zemen Ayalew & Mitsuru Tsubo & Asres Elias & Daregot Berihun & Amy Quandt & Mulatu Liyew Berihun & T, 2019. "Communities’ Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Variability in Ethiopia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-22, November.
    3. Busby, Joshua & Smith, Todd G. & Krishnan, Nisha & Wight, Charles & Vallejo-Gutierrez, Santiago, 2018. "In harm's way: Climate security vulnerability in Asia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 88-118.
    4. Hendrawan, Dienda C P & Musshoff, Oliver, 2022. "Oil Palm Smallholder Farmers' Livelihood Resilience and Decision Making in Replanting," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322441, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    5. Premchand Dommaraju & Shawn Wong, 2023. "Transition to first marriage in Thailand: cohort and educational changes," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 1-16, March.
    6. Zehua Wang & Fachao Liang & Sheng-Hau Lin, 2023. "Can socially sustainable development be achieved through homestead withdrawal? A hybrid multiple-attributes decision analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, December.
    7. Xueyan Zhao & Huanhuan Chen & Haili Zhao & Bing Xue, 2022. "Farmer households’ livelihood resilience in ecological-function areas: case of the Yellow River water source area of China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(7), pages 9665-9686, July.
    8. Danielle Emma Johnson & Karen Fisher & Meg Parsons, 2022. "Diversifying Indigenous Vulnerability and Adaptation: An Intersectional Reading of Māori Women’s Experiences of Health, Wellbeing, and Climate Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-40, May.
    9. Nguyen, Trung Thanh & Nguyen, Loc Duc & Lippe, Rattiya Suddeephong & Grote, Ulrike, 2017. "Determinants of Farmers’ Land Use Decision-Making: Comparative Evidence From Thailand and Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 199-213.
    10. Jianrong Fan & Zhibin Huang & Jianwei Cao & Yaqi Wu, 2023. "Factors Affecting Employment Stability of Labor Immigration: Implications for Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-16, January.
    11. Ahmad Reshad Osmani & Albert Okunade, 2021. "A Double-Hurdle Model of Healthcare Expenditures across Income Quintiles and Family Size: New Insights from a Household Survey," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, May.
    12. Nguyen Cong Dinh & Takeshi Mizunoya & Vo Hoang Ha & Pham Xuan Hung & Nguyen Quang Tan & Le Thanh An, 2023. "Factors influencing farmer intentions to scale up organic rice farming: preliminary findings from the context of agricultural production in Central Vietnam," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 749-774, September.
    13. Annamaria Milazzo & Dominique Walle, 2017. "Women Left Behind? Poverty and Headship in Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(3), pages 1119-1145, June.
    14. Boshe, Fredrick & Venus, Terese & Vrachioli, Maria & Khatri-Chhetri, Arun & Sauer, Johannes, 2021. "Measuring Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Under Climate Variability: A Micro Study from Nepal," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315039, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    15. Espinoza-Delgado, José & Klasen, Stephan, 2018. "Gender and multidimensional poverty in Nicaragua: An individual based approach," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 466-491.
    16. Liboster Mwadzingeni & Raymond Mugandani & Paramu L. Mafongoya, 2021. "Assessing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Smallholder Irrigation Schemes of Zimbabwe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-18, September.
    17. Yuchun Xiao & Shuiliang Liu & Jinyou Zuo & Ningling Yin & Jilin Wu & Wenhai Xie, 2022. "Farmer Households’ Livelihood Resilience in Ethnic Tourism Villages: A Case Study of the Wuling Mountain Area, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-19, December.
    18. Subir Bairagi & Ashok K. Mishra & Dat Q. Tran, 2022. "Disentangling gender‐differentiated impacts on food security and poverty: Empirical evidence from Vietnam," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 493-511, April.
    19. Hill, Ruth Vargas & Porter, Catherine, 2017. "Vulnerability to Drought and Food Price Shocks: Evidence from Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 65-77.
    20. Kilic, Talip & Moylan, Heather & Koolwal, Gayatri, 2021. "Getting the (Gender-Disaggregated) lay of the land: Impact of survey respondent selection on measuring land ownership and rights," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3510-:d:1068237. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.