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Innovation of the Social Security, Legal Risks, Sustainable Management Practices and Employee Environmental Awareness in The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli

    (School of Law, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Shumin Wang

    (School of Law, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

  • Xiaoshan Yan

    (School of Philosophy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310023, China)

  • Yuehan He

    (School of Law, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

Abstract

This research is about the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which is an important and first project of the “Belt and Road” initiative (BRI). BRI is the framework and manifesto for the wide-ranging, fundamental collaboration signed by China and Pakistan in 2013. The CPEC vision and mission were initiated to develop economic growth and facilitate free trade, the people’s living standards of Pakistan and China through bilateral investments, trade, cultural exchanges, and economic activities between both countries. The initial investment for the project was $46 billion, with a tentative duration of fifteen years. This research aimed to inquire into the effects of legal risks (LR), social security (SS), and employee environmental awareness (EEA) on the project performance (PP) of the CPEC. It further investigates the significance of gender empowerment perspectives (GEP). A research framework consisting of this quantitative analysis and the bilateral impacts of the study were explored through several policies scenarios into 2025. The results of the risk analysis were rated on a Likert scale. A questionnaire survey was used in order to collect data and test the research framework and hypotheses. An empirical test was conducted using a dataset with partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate the study.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli & Shumin Wang & Xiaoshan Yan & Yuehan He, 2023. "Innovation of the Social Security, Legal Risks, Sustainable Management Practices and Employee Environmental Awareness in The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1021-:d:1026526
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Sara Majid & Xin Zhang & Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli & Feng Hong & Patricia Jie Hung King & Imran Haider Shamsi, 2023. "Eco-Efficiency, Environmental and Sustainable Innovation in Recycling Energy and Their Effect on Business Performance: Evidence from European SMEs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-30, June.
    2. Linhua Xia & Zhen Cao & Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli, 2025. "How Digital Technology and Business Innovation Enhance Economic–Environmental Sustainability in Legal Organizations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-21, July.
    3. Yizhi Zhang & Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli, 2025. "The Role of Digital Technologies in Advancing Sustainable Economic Development into Intersections of Policy, Law, Environmental Economics, and a Comparative Study of China, the EU, and the USA," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-25, September.
    4. Zhen Cao & Zhuiwen Lai & Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli & Lin Wang, 2025. "The Risk of Global Environmental Change to Economic Sustainability and Law: Help from Digital Technology and Governance Regulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-20, August.
    5. Linhua Xia & Zhuiwen Lai & Muhammad Bilawal Khaskheli, 2025. "The Business Innovation of Consumer Choices and Challenges for Economic Sustainability Practices and Law," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-19, June.
    6. Maria Zulfaqar & Shahid Bashir & Samer Mohammed Ahmed Yaghmour & Jamshid Ali Turi & Musaib Hussain, 2023. "The Mediating Roles of Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Environmental Factors to Predict Tourism Market Development by Means of Regenerative Travel: An Infrastructural Perspective of China–Pakistan Econo," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, March.
    7. Loredana Larisa Văduva (Ene) & Ana-Maria Nedelcu & Daniela Stancu (Zamfir) & Cristinel Bălan & Ioan-Matei Purcărea & Mihaela Gurău & Daniel Alin Cristian, 2023. "Digital Technologies for Public Health Services after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Risk Management Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-14, February.

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