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Impact of Port Shallowness (Clearance under the Ship’s Keel) on Shipping Safety, Energy Consumption and Sustainability of Green Ports

Author

Listed:
  • Vytautas Paulauskas

    (Marine Engineering Department, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, LT-92219 Klaipeda, Lithuania)

  • Viktoras Senčila

    (Marine Engineering Department, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, LT-92219 Klaipeda, Lithuania)

  • Donatas Paulauskas

    (Marine Engineering Department, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, LT-92219 Klaipeda, Lithuania)

  • Martynas Simutis

    (Marine Engineering Department, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, LT-92219 Klaipeda, Lithuania)

Abstract

In a majority of ports, a ship’s speed is limited for reasons of navigational safety. At the same time, captains and port pilots choose the speed of the ship, but it cannot be higher than the speed allowed in the port. Therefore, the speed of the ship also depends on the experience of the masters and harbor pilots and the sailing conditions in specific situations. Choosing the optimal speed of the ship in the port, considering the hydrodynamic effect of shallow water and the controllability of the ship, can help reduce fuel consumption and ship emissions, which is important for the development of a sustainable port. In all cases, the safety of the shipping is the highest priority. The main objectives of this article are determining the optimal speed of ships in ports with low clearance under a ship’s hull, ensuring navigational safety, reducing fuel consumption and emissions, and creating a sustainable port. This article presents the methodology for calculating the optimal ship speed as the minimum controllable speed, fuel consumption and emission reduction, as well as its implications for sustainable and green maritime transport and port development. The methodology presented has been tested on real ships and using a calibrated simulator, navigating through port channels and port water’s restricted conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Vytautas Paulauskas & Viktoras Senčila & Donatas Paulauskas & Martynas Simutis, 2023. "Impact of Port Shallowness (Clearance under the Ship’s Keel) on Shipping Safety, Energy Consumption and Sustainability of Green Ports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:22:p:15802-:d:1277362
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Di Vaio, Assunta & Varriale, Luisa & Alvino, Federico, 2018. "Key performance indicators for developing environmentally sustainable and energy efficient ports: Evidence from Italy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 229-240.
    2. Bing Wu & Xinping Yan & Yang Wang & C. Guedes Soares, 2017. "An Evidential Reasoning‐Based CREAM to Human Reliability Analysis in Maritime Accident Process," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(10), pages 1936-1957, October.
    3. Bye, Rolf J. & Aalberg, Asbjørn L., 2018. "Maritime navigation accidents and risk indicators: An exploratory statistical analysis using AIS data and accident reports," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 174-186.
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    1. Nizar, Irfan & Amarasena, Sudath Manjula & Priyantha Lalanie, P., 2025. "Steering towards carbon neutral transportation practices: A comprehensive analysis of the challenges confronting the shipping industry in Sri Lanka," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).

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