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Seismic and Tsunami Risk Analysis for Installing Resilient Power Systems Based on Isolated Microgrids on Buildings: The Case of Puerto Ayora in Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos

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  • Ana Gabriela Haro-Baez

    (Department of Earth Sciences and Construction, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Avenue General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
    Research Group of Structures and Constructions (GIEC), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Avenue General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador)

  • Diego Chavez

    (Department of Earth Sciences and Construction, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Avenue General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
    Research Group of Structures and Constructions (GIEC), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Avenue General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador)

  • Cristina Camino

    (Department of Earth Sciences and Construction, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Avenue General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
    Research Group of Structures and Constructions (GIEC), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Avenue General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador)

  • Diego Arcos-Aviles

    (Department of Electrical, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Avenue General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador
    Research Group of Propagation, Electronic Control, and Networking (PROCONET), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Avenue General Rumiñahui s/n, Sangolquí 171103, Ecuador)

Abstract

Due to their geographical condition and worldwide environmental protection policies, the Galapagos Islands must opt for implementing clean energy infrastructure considering natural hazard effects that can directly affect the resilience of community residents. Santa Cruz Island is part of this archipelago, with rich biodiversity in flora and unique fauna. This study proposes identifying earthquake and tsunami risk assessment components on the island, such as the infrastructure vulnerability of Puerto Ayora, the central city of Santa Cruz Island. The FEMA P-154 and FEMA P-646 methodologies are used to classify buildings for technically installing microgrids based on photovoltaic generation systems. For this purpose, maps and data from state entities are used in combination with catalogs from development and land use planning, Software for Geoprocesses and virtual tours, and cadastral information provided by the Decentralized Autonomous Government (GAD) of Santa Cruz to develop techniques that offer a risk index to identify buildings that could sustain seismic and tsunamic loads. The study exposes alarming results that would prevent the installation of photovoltaic generation systems on the buildings’ roofs. Consequently, a more detailed field study is recommended to contrast the reported analysis to implement mitigation strategies accordingly. Finally, geoprocesseced maps are presented, in addition to general installing recommendations for the photovoltaic system’s infrastructure.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Gabriela Haro-Baez & Diego Chavez & Cristina Camino & Diego Arcos-Aviles, 2023. "Seismic and Tsunami Risk Analysis for Installing Resilient Power Systems Based on Isolated Microgrids on Buildings: The Case of Puerto Ayora in Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13769-:d:1240604
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Raturi, Atul & Singh, Aman & Prasad, Ravita D., 2016. "Grid-connected PV systems in the Pacific Island Countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 419-428.
    2. Qiblawey, Yazan & Alassi, Abdulrahman & Zain ul Abideen, Mohammed & Bañales, Santiago, 2022. "Techno-economic assessment of increasing the renewable energy supply in the Canary Islands: The case of Tenerife and Gran Canaria," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    3. Icaza-Alvarez, Daniel & Jurado, Francisco & Tostado-Véliz, Marcos & Arevalo, Paúl, 2022. "Decarbonization of the Galapagos Islands. Proposal to transform the energy system into 100% renewable by 2050," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 199-220.
    4. Rodriguez, Mauricio & Arcos–Aviles, Diego & Martinez, Wilmar, 2023. "Fuzzy logic-based energy management for isolated microgrid using meta-heuristic optimization algorithms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
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    1. Radianta Triatmadja & Benazir & Marcio Tahalele & Kuswandi & Afaf Nadiyah Rifa Pratomo, 2025. "Impact of tsunamis on buildings in array layouts as macro roughness: lessons from the 2018 Anak Krakatau event through DualSPHysics modeling," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(8), pages 9679-9704, May.
    2. Ana Gabriela Haro-Baez & Eduardo Posso & Santiago Rojas & Diego Arcos-Aviles, 2024. "Simplified Multi-Hazard Assessment to Foster Resilience for Sustainable Energy Infrastructure on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-24, December.
    3. Mulas Maurizio & Larreta Erwin & Menoscal Melanie & Bravo Gianella & Rosado Victoria & Vaca Valeria & Capa Diego & Garcés Daniel, 2025. "Design of a geological multihazard framework on volcanic islands: case study of the Galapagos islands," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(6), pages 6879-6900, April.

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