IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i15p11822-d1208268.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimizing Thermal Management System in Electric Vehicle Battery Packs for Sustainable Transportation

Author

Listed:
  • Choon Kit Chan

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Chi Hong Chung

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Jeyagopi Raman

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

Abstract

The transportation sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to large energy consumption, which is why there is a need to promote the use of electric vehicles (EVs) to mitigate overall GHG emissions. To ensure market confidence towards EVs, battery packs’ energy storage capacity and thermal management system (TMS) must be optimized. Designing a battery pack that can withstand changes in temperature is essential to the TMS. In this study, we proposed two battery pack designs with cell arrangement angles of θ = π / 3 and θ = π , respectively, to investigate TMS. The CAD models were drawn, and simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent with a mesh size of 0.005m. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted to obtain the maximum and average temperature and fluid flow velocity. Our results show that the 3 parallel and 8 series (3p8s) battery pack design with a cell arrangement angle of θ = π / 3 is the most feasible and can consistently perform in thermal management. This design also has 15% less volume than the cell arrangement of θ = π , allowing for more battery packs to be incorporated in the EV for a longer range of travel. Furthermore, this design can maintain the battery pack at its optimal operating temperature of 25 °C, reducing the incidence of battery runaway and ultimately lowering the EVs maintenance costs. The proposed design approach can serve as a basis for designing battery packs with optimized thermal management systems for EVs, contributing to the global effort to reduce GHG emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Choon Kit Chan & Chi Hong Chung & Jeyagopi Raman, 2023. "Optimizing Thermal Management System in Electric Vehicle Battery Packs for Sustainable Transportation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-14, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11822-:d:1208268
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/15/11822/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/15/11822/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sheng, Lei & Zhang, Hengyun & Su, Lin & Zhang, Zhendong & Zhang, Hua & Li, Kang & Fang, Yidong & Ye, Wen, 2021. "Effect analysis on thermal profile management of a cylindrical lithium-ion battery utilizing a cellular liquid cooling jacket," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    2. Xiong, Rui & Li, Zhengyang & Yang, Ruixin & Shen, Weixiang & Ma, Suxiao & Sun, Fengchun, 2022. "Fast self-heating battery with anti-aging awareness for freezing climates application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    3. Jin, L.W. & Lee, P.S. & Kong, X.X. & Fan, Y. & Chou, S.K., 2014. "Ultra-thin minichannel LCP for EV battery thermal management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1786-1794.
    4. Ling, Ziye & Wang, Fangxian & Fang, Xiaoming & Gao, Xuenong & Zhang, Zhengguo, 2015. "A hybrid thermal management system for lithium ion batteries combining phase change materials with forced-air cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 403-409.
    5. Wang, Shunli & Takyi-Aninakwa, Paul & Jin, Siyu & Yu, Chunmei & Fernandez, Carlos & Stroe, Daniel-Ioan, 2022. "An improved feedforward-long short-term memory modeling method for the whole-life-cycle state of charge prediction of lithium-ion batteries considering current-voltage-temperature variation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shuwen Zhou & Yuemin Zhao & Shangyuan Gao, 2021. "Analysis of Heat Dissipation and Preheating Module for Vehicle Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-25, September.
    2. Zichen, Wang & Changqing, Du, 2021. "A comprehensive review on thermal management systems for power lithium-ion batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    3. Xu, Xinhai & Li, Wenzheng & Xu, Ben & Qin, Jiang, 2019. "Numerical study on a water cooling system for prismatic LiFePO4 batteries at abused operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 404-412.
    4. Saw, Lip Huat & Ye, Yonghuang & Yew, Ming Chian & Chong, Wen Tong & Yew, Ming Kun & Ng, Tan Ching, 2017. "Computational fluid dynamics simulation on open cell aluminium foams for Li-ion battery cooling system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1489-1499.
    5. Oh, Ki-Yong & Epureanu, Bogdan I., 2016. "Characterization and modeling of the thermal mechanics of lithium-ion battery cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 633-646.
    6. Lv, Youfu & Yang, Xiaoqing & Li, Xinxi & Zhang, Guoqing & Wang, Ziyuan & Yang, Chengzhao, 2016. "Experimental study on a novel battery thermal management technology based on low density polyethylene-enhanced composite phase change materials coupled with low fins," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 376-382.
    7. Rao, Zhonghao & Wang, Qingchao & Huang, Congliang, 2016. "Investigation of the thermal performance of phase change material/mini-channel coupled battery thermal management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 659-669.
    8. Basu, Suman & Hariharan, Krishnan S. & Kolake, Subramanya Mayya & Song, Taewon & Sohn, Dong Kee & Yeo, Taejung, 2016. "Coupled electrochemical thermal modelling of a novel Li-ion battery pack thermal management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1-13.
    9. Giorgio Previati & Giampiero Mastinu & Massimiliano Gobbi, 2022. "Thermal Management of Electrified Vehicles—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-29, February.
    10. Saw, Lip Huat & Ye, Yonghuang & Tay, Andrew A.O. & Chong, Wen Tong & Kuan, Seng How & Yew, Ming Chian, 2016. "Computational fluid dynamic and thermal analysis of Lithium-ion battery pack with air cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 783-792.
    11. Wu, Weixiong & Yang, Xiaoqing & Zhang, Guoqing & Ke, Xiufang & Wang, Ziyuan & Situ, Wenfu & Li, Xinxi & Zhang, Jiangyun, 2016. "An experimental study of thermal management system using copper mesh-enhanced composite phase change materials for power battery pack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 909-916.
    12. Di Giorgio, Paolo & Di Ilio, Giovanni & Jannelli, Elio & Conte, Fiorentino Valerio, 2022. "Innovative battery thermal management system based on hydrogen storage in metal hydrides for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    13. Ling, Ziye & Cao, Jiahao & Zhang, Wenbo & Zhang, Zhengguo & Fang, Xiaoming & Gao, Xuenong, 2018. "Compact liquid cooling strategy with phase change materials for Li-ion batteries optimized using response surface methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 777-788.
    14. Mohammed, Abubakar Gambo & Elfeky, Karem Elsayed & Wang, Qiuwang, 2022. "Recent advancement and enhanced battery performance using phase change materials based hybrid battery thermal management for electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    15. Jiang, Z.Y. & Qu, Z.G., 2019. "Lithium–ion battery thermal management using heat pipe and phase change material during discharge–charge cycle: A comprehensive numerical study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 378-392.
    16. Peng Song & Zhisheng Zhang, 2023. "Research on Multiple Load Short-Term Forecasting Model of Integrated Energy Distribution System Based on Mogrifier-Quantum Weighted MELSTM," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-13, April.
    17. Ta, Yuntian & Li, Yanfeng & Cai, Wenan & Zhang, Qianqian & Wang, Zhijian & Dong, Lei & Du, Wenhua, 2023. "Adaptive staged remaining useful life prediction method based on multi-sensor and multi-feature fusion," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    18. Takyi-Aninakwa, Paul & Wang, Shunli & Zhang, Hongying & Yang, Xiaoyong & Fernandez, Carlos, 2022. "An optimized long short-term memory-weighted fading extended Kalman filtering model with wide temperature adaptation for the state of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    19. He, Qijiao & Li, Zheng & Zhao, Dongqi & Yu, Jie & Tan, Peng & Guo, Meiting & Liao, Tianjun & Zhao, Tianshou & Ni, Meng, 2023. "A 3D modelling study on all vanadium redox flow battery at various operating temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    20. Wei, Yupeng & Wu, Dazhong, 2023. "Prediction of state of health and remaining useful life of lithium-ion battery using graph convolutional network with dual attention mechanisms," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:15:p:11822-:d:1208268. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.