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Enhanced Hydrological Simulations in Paddy-Dominated Watersheds Using the Hourly SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY Modeling Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Seoro Lee

    (Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea)

  • Youn Shik Park

    (Department of Regional Construction Engineering, Kongju National University, 54 Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun, Gongju-si 32439, Republic of Korea)

  • Jonggun Kim

    (Department of Regional Infrastructure Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea)

  • Kyoung Jae Lim

    (Department of Regional Infrastructure Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Accurate hydrological simulations are crucial for managing water resources and promoting sustainable agriculture in submerged paddy agricultural watersheds. The SWAT-MODFLOW, which couples the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Modular Groundwater Flow (MODFLOW) model, is a widely used tool for hydrologic simulations that consider surface water and groundwater (SW-GW) interactions. However, it falls short of effectively simulating the hydrological processes of submerged rice paddy field areas. To address this, we developed the hourly SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY model, which enables integrated surface and groundwater simulations and effectively represents the hydrological responses of submerged paddy fields to high-resolution rainfall data. Our findings demonstrated that the hourly SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY model could dynamically simulate soil moisture and runoff patterns in submerged paddy fields. Notably, the developed model showed enhanced performance throughout the entire period for hourly flow in the watershed, with an average coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) of 0.75, Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.76, and percent bias (PBIAS) of 13.22 compared to the original model ( R 2 = 0.62, NSE = 0.70, PBIAS = 48.21). The model’s performance in predicting water quality was improved, and it highlighted the significant impact of complex hydrological mechanisms within submerged paddy fields on the spatial distribution of groundwater recharge and stream water volumes exchanged through SW-GW interactions. Given these promising results, the SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY model could be a valuable resource for managing submerged paddy-dominated agricultural watersheds across various climates and regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Seoro Lee & Youn Shik Park & Jonggun Kim & Kyoung Jae Lim, 2023. "Enhanced Hydrological Simulations in Paddy-Dominated Watersheds Using the Hourly SWAT-MODFLOW-PADDY Modeling Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:11:p:9106-:d:1164161
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Sakaguchi, A. & Eguchi, S. & Kato, T. & Kasuya, M. & Ono, K. & Miyata, A. & Tase, N., 2014. "Development and evaluation of a paddy module for improving hydrological simulation in SWAT," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 116-122.
    3. Lu Zhang & Yunfeng Dai & Jin Lin & Jiangbo Han & Xiaomin Sun & Xue Li & Peng Liu & Aimin Liao, 2022. "Evaluating Spatiotemporal Variations of Groundwater–Surface Water Interaction Using an Integrated Hydrological Model in Huashan Basin, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, November.
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