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Boolean Analysis of Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in Rural Tourism

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  • Farah Fathizadeh

    (Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, No. 43. South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran 15719-14911, Iran)

  • Farhad Azizpour

    (Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, No. 43. South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran 15719-14911, Iran)

  • Nader Sanati Sharghi

    (Department of Sociology, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-4697, Iran)

  • Heather L. Mair

    (Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

Abstract

Women’s participation is a significant development priority in tourism, especially rural tourism. Despite their critical role in rural tourism, women face different constraints and limitations that prevent them from fully participating in local tourist activities. This study explores the most influential factors on women’s participation in rural tourism, using qualitative methods of inquiry (semi-structured interviews and observations) to collect data from 17 women who are active in rural tourism in the villages of Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Eight fundamental causes were identified and classified into macro- and micro-level factors that affect women’s participation in rural tourism, using the Boolean algebra analysis. The findings show socio-geographic proximity, a newly emerging theme, and patriarchal structure influence women’s participation at the macro-level. Similarly, self-confidence, family support, financial assistance, and the absence of role conflict at the micro-level are necessary and sufficient causes to influence women to participate and overcome challenging situations in rural tourism activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Farah Fathizadeh & Farhad Azizpour & Nader Sanati Sharghi & Heather L. Mair, 2022. "Boolean Analysis of Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in Rural Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5305-:d:804104
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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