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Fish Feeds in Aquaponics and Beyond: A Novel Concept to Evaluate Protein Sources in Diets for Circular Multitrophic Food Production Systems

Author

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  • Christopher Shaw

    (Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
    Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany)

  • Klaus Knopf

    (Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
    Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany)

  • Werner Kloas

    (Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
    Thaer Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
    Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

With the general objective of optimizing internal nutrient recycling, circular multitrophic food production systems, e.g., combining fish, plant, and insect larvae production, rely on the quality and composition of sustainable nutritional inputs. Therefore, differences in dissolved and solid nutrient excretion patterns produced by Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) reared in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with 5% daily water exchange and fed black soldier fly meal (BSFM), poultry by-product meal (PM), poultry blood meal (PBM) and fish meal (FM) as single protein sources were investigated to evaluate the potential for creating specific fish meal-free diets. Fish fed the FM and PM diet showed the significantly best ( p < 0.05) and among each other similar ( p > 0.05) growth performance (specific growth rate (SGR): 2.12 ± 0.04/2.05 ± 0.11; feed conversion ratio (FCR): 0.86 ± 0.03/0.92 ± 0.01), whereas the PBM diet caused significantly reduced performance (SGR: 1.30 ± 0.02; FCR: 1.79 ± 0.05) in comparison to the FM/PM diet as well as the BSF diet (SGR: 1.76 ± 0.07; FCR: 1.11 ± 0.05). The FM and PM diet resulted in a faster increase and significantly higher dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus levels, while the BSF diet caused faster accumulation and significantly elevated levels of dissolved potassium, magnesium, and copper. The PBM diet resulted in the feces with the significantly highest nutrient density (gross energy, crude protein, and amino acids) but overall much lower dissolved nutrient levels in the water. Results are discussed with regard to implications for developing circular multitrophic food production systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher Shaw & Klaus Knopf & Werner Kloas, 2022. "Fish Feeds in Aquaponics and Beyond: A Novel Concept to Evaluate Protein Sources in Diets for Circular Multitrophic Food Production Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-30, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:7:p:4064-:d:782556
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    1. Christopher Shaw & Klaus Knopf & Werner Kloas, 2022. "Toward Feeds for Circular Multitrophic Food Production Systems: Holistically Evaluating Growth Performance and Nutrient Excretion of African Catfish Fed Fish Meal-Free Diets in Comparison to Nile Tila," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-31, November.
    2. Christopher Shaw & Klaus Knopf & Laura Klatt & Gabina Marin Arellano & Werner Kloas, 2023. "Closing Nutrient Cycles through the Use of System-Internal Resource Streams: Implications for Circular Multitrophic Food Production Systems and Aquaponic Feed Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-30, April.

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