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Impact of Coastal Disasters on Women in Urban Slums: A New Index

Author

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  • Komali Kantamaneni

    (Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK)

  • Sigamani Panneer

    (Department of Social Work, Centre for Happiness, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India
    Department of Social Work, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India)

  • N.N.V. Sudha Rani

    (Independent Researcher, Mumbai 400076, India)

  • Udhayakumar Palaniswamy

    (Department of Social Work, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India)

  • Lekha D. Bhat

    (Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, India)

  • Carlos Jimenez-Bescos

    (Architecture and Built Environment, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

  • Louis Rice

    (Centre for Architecture and Built Environment Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK)

Abstract

Coastal hazards, particularly cyclones, floods, erosion and storm surges, are emerging as a cause for major concern in the coastal regions of Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Serious coastal disaster events have become more common in recent decades, triggering substantial destruction to the low-lying coastal areas and a high death toll. Further, women living in informal and slum housing along the Vijayawada coastline of Andhra Pradesh (CAP), India, suffer from multiple social, cultural and economic inequalities as well. These conditions accelerate and worsen women’s vulnerability among this coastal population. The existing literature demonstrates these communities’ susceptibility to diverse coastal disasters but fails to offer gender-specific vulnerability in urban informal housing in the Vijayawada area. Accordingly, the current study developed a novel gender-specific Women’s Coastal Vulnerability Index (WCVI) to assess the impact of coastal disasters on women and their preparedness in Vijayawada. Field data was collected from over 300 women through surveys (2) and workshops (2) between November 2018 and June 2019, and Arc-GIS tools were used to generate vulnerability maps. Results show that women are more vulnerable than men, with a higher death rate during coastal disaster strikes. The current study also found that gender-specific traditional wear is one of the main factors for this specific vulnerability in this area. Furthermore, the majority of the women tend to be located at home to care for the elders and children, and this is associated with more fatalities during disaster events. Homes, particularly for the urban poor, are typically very small and located in narrow and restricted sites, which are a barrier for women to escape from unsafe residential areas during disasters. Overall, the research reveals that most of the coastal disaster events had a disproportionately negative impact on women. The results from this present study offer valuable information to aid evidence-based policy- and decision-makers to improve existing or generate innovative policies to save women’s lives and improve their livelihood in coastal areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Komali Kantamaneni & Sigamani Panneer & N.N.V. Sudha Rani & Udhayakumar Palaniswamy & Lekha D. Bhat & Carlos Jimenez-Bescos & Louis Rice, 2022. "Impact of Coastal Disasters on Women in Urban Slums: A New Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:3472-:d:772372
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    1. Colin Raymond & Radley M. Horton & Jakob Zscheischler & Olivia Martius & Amir AghaKouchak & Jennifer Balch & Steven G. Bowen & Suzana J. Camargo & Jeremy Hess & Kai Kornhuber & Michael Oppenheimer & A, 2020. "Understanding and managing connected extreme events," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 10(7), pages 611-621, July.
    2. Marina Andrijevic & Jesus Crespo Cuaresma & Tabea Lissner & Adelle Thomas & Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, 2020. "Overcoming gender inequality for climate resilient development," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. N. Sudha Rani & A. Satyanarayana & Prasad Bhaskaran, 2015. "Coastal vulnerability assessment studies over India: a review," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 77(1), pages 405-428, May.
    4. M. Rezaul Islam & Niaz Ahmed Khan, 2018. "Threats, vulnerability, resilience and displacement among the climate change and natural disaster-affected people in South-East Asia: an overview," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 297-323, April.
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    1. Kalindu Mendis & Menaha Thayaparan & Yamuna Kaluarachchi & Chaminda Pathirage, 2023. "Challenges Faced by Marginalized Communities in a Post-Disaster Context: A Systematic Review of the Literature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-22, July.

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