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Sources, Indicators, and Assessment of Soil Contamination by Potentially Toxic Metals

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaoping Xin

    (Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA)

  • Jiali Shentu

    (College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 314423, China)

  • Tiequan Zhang

    (Science and Technology Branch, Harrow Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada)

  • Xiaoe Yang

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University at Zijingang, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Virupax C. Baligar

    (Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA)

  • Zhenli He

    (Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA)

Abstract

Soil pollution caused by potentially toxic metals has become a worldwide environmental issue. Geogenic processes and anthropogenic activities are two important sources of soil pollution. Soils may inherit toxic metals from parent materials; however, soil pollution mostly results from industrial and agricultural activities. Contamination by metals can be indicated by the changes in chemical, biochemical, and microbial properties of soils and plant responses. The total concentration of toxic metals in soil is still the most widely used indicator for risk assessment although extractable amounts have been reported to be more closely related to plant uptake. Several models have been proposed for assessing soil contamination by toxic metals, but none of them are commonly accepted for application to a wide range of soils. This review paper highlights how toxic metal contamination negatively affects soil and environmental quality, impacts food quality and security, and poses a threat to human health. Further research is needed to not only improve soil contamination diagnosis, modeling, and regulatory standards but also for remediation efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoping Xin & Jiali Shentu & Tiequan Zhang & Xiaoe Yang & Virupax C. Baligar & Zhenli He, 2022. "Sources, Indicators, and Assessment of Soil Contamination by Potentially Toxic Metals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15878-:d:987535
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Anna Świercz & Mirosław Szwed & Łukasz Bąk & Adam Gawlik & Jakub Zamachowski, 2023. "Assessment of Cultivated Soil Contamination by Potentially Toxic Metals as a Result of a Galvanizing Plant Failure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-12, June.
    2. Guillermo Medina-González & Yelena Medina & Enrique Muñoz & Patricio Fuentes, 2023. "Rapid and Convenient Assessment of Trace Element Contamination in Agricultural Soils through Slurry-TXRF and Ecological Indices: The Ñuble Region, Chile as a Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, June.

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