IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i23p15573-d981514.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Climate-Smart Agriculture in Iran: Strategies, Constraints and Drivers

Author

Listed:
  • Payam Memarbashi

    (Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran)

  • Gholamreza Mojarradi

    (Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran)

  • Marzieh Keshavarz

    (Agricultural Extension and Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-4697, Iran)

Abstract

Although climate-smart agriculture can simultaneously decline greenhouse gas emissions, increase the adaptive capacity of farmers and improve food security under climate change, constraints and drivers of scaling up are not entirely addressed in developing countries. This qualitative case study was conducted on both strawberry growers and agricultural experts to explore the perceived causes, evidence and impacts of climate change, adaptation strategies used by farmers, and constraints and drivers of climate-smart agriculture development on the strawberry farms in Kurdistan province, Western Iran. Findings indicated that the causes of climate change could be divided into anthropogenic and natural forces. Decreased precipitation, increased temperature, dust storms, greenhouse gases, forest fires, spring frosts, severe hail, floods and droughts comprised the most notable climate change evidence in the region. Both groups confirmed the impacts of climate change on the reduction in strawberry yield, increasing the perishability of the fruits, poverty, migration and other social problems. Adaptation strategies used by farmers are classified into technical–agricultural, water conservation, farm smartening, and institutional adaptation practices. However, poverty, the shortage of strawberry-processing industries, insufficient financial support, the presence of intermediaries and brokers, traditional cultivation, difficulties in shipping strawberry crops to the market, the lack of storage facilities and equipment and the export terminal along with the mistrust of strawberry growers in the agricultural organization hinder climate-smart agriculture development in the study area. Finally, several drivers were proposed, which were considered the basis for providing practical suggestions for planning and policy making for climate-smart agriculture development in strawberry farms.

Suggested Citation

  • Payam Memarbashi & Gholamreza Mojarradi & Marzieh Keshavarz, 2022. "Climate-Smart Agriculture in Iran: Strategies, Constraints and Drivers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15573-:d:981514
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/15573/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/15573/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:asi:ajosrd:2012:p:621-631 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. L Musemwa & V Muchenje & A Mushunje & L Zhou, 2012. "The Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Production amongst the Resource-Poor Farmers of Third World Countries: A Review," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 2(4), pages 621-631.
    3. Chandra, Alvin & Dargusch, Paul & McNamara, Karen E. & Caspe, Ana Maria & Dalabajan, Dante, 2017. "A Study of Climate-Smart Farming Practices and Climate-resiliency Field Schools in Mindanao, the Philippines," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 214-230.
    4. Leslie Lipper & David Zilberman, 2018. "A Short History of the Evolution of the Climate Smart Agriculture Approach and Its Links to Climate Change and Sustainable Agriculture Debates," Natural Resource Management and Policy, in: Leslie Lipper & Nancy McCarthy & David Zilberman & Solomon Asfaw & Giacomo Branca (ed.), Climate Smart Agriculture, pages 13-30, Springer.
    5. Shaikh Moniruzzaman, 2019. "Crop Diversification As Climate Change Adaptation: How Do Bangladeshi Farmers Perform?," Climate Change Economics (CCE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(02), pages 1-22, May.
    6. Leslie Lipper & Nancy McCarthy & David Zilberman & Solomon Asfaw & Giacomo Branca (ed.), 2018. "Climate Smart Agriculture," Natural Resource Management and Policy, Springer, number 978-3-319-61194-5, December.
    7. Musemwa, L. & Muchenje, V. & Mushunje, A. & Zhou, L., 2012. "The Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Production amongst the Resource-Poor Farmers of Third World Countries: A Review," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society (AESS), vol. 2(04), pages 1-12, December.
    8. Nasir Mahmood & Muhammad Arshad & Harald Kaechele & Muhammad Faisal Shahzad & Ayat Ullah & Klaus Mueller, 2020. "Fatalism, Climate Resiliency Training and Farmers’ Adaptation Responses: Implications for Sustainable Rainfed-Wheat Production in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, February.
    9. Schaafsma, Marije & Ferrini, Silvia & Turner, R. Kerry, 2019. "Assessing smallholder preferences for incentivised climate-smart agriculture using a discrete choice experiment," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    10. Teklewold, Hailemariam & Gebrehiwot, Tagel & Bezabih, Mintewab, 2019. "Climate smart agricultural practices and gender differentiated nutrition outcome: An empirical evidence from Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 38-53.
    11. David Zilberman, 2018. "Conclusion and Policy Implications to “Climate Smart Agriculture: Building Resilience to Climate Change”," Natural Resource Management and Policy, in: Leslie Lipper & Nancy McCarthy & David Zilberman & Solomon Asfaw & Giacomo Branca (ed.), Climate Smart Agriculture, pages 621-626, Springer.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Awais Ali & Tajamul Hussain & Noramon Tantashutikun & Nurda Hussain & Giacomo Cocetta, 2023. "Application of Smart Techniques, Internet of Things and Data Mining for Resource Use Efficient and Sustainable Crop Production," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-22, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Theodrose Sisay & Kindie Tesfaye & Mengistu Ketema & Nigussie Dechassa & Mezegebu Getnet, 2023. "Climate-Smart Agriculture Technologies and Determinants of Farmers’ Adoption Decisions in the Great Rift Valley of Ethiopia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Collins-Sowah, Peron A., 2018. "Theoretical conception of climate-smart agriculture," Working Papers of Agricultural Policy WP2018-02, University of Kiel, Department of Agricultural Economics, Chair of Agricultural Policy.
    3. Viviana Ferrario, 2021. "Learning from Agricultural Heritage? Lessons of Sustainability from Italian “Coltura Promiscua”," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-13, August.
    4. Stan Selbonne & Loïc Guindé & François Causeret & Pierre Chopin & Jorge Sierra & Régis Tournebize & Jean-Marc Blazy, 2023. "How to Measure the Performance of Farms with Regard to Climate-Smart Agriculture Goals? A Set of Indicators and Its Application in Guadeloupe," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, January.
    5. Som Baliyan & Dikgang Stephen Gosalamang, 2016. "Analysis of Constraints and Opportunities in Dairy Production in Botswana: Producer’s Perspectives," International Journal of Business and Management, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(3), pages 248-248, February.
    6. Dunnett, A. & Shirsath, P.B. & Aggarwal, P.K. & Thornton, P. & Joshi, P.K. & Pal, B.D. & Khatri-Chhetri, A. & Ghosh, J., 2018. "Multi-objective land use allocation modelling for prioritizing climate-smart agricultural interventions," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 381(C), pages 23-35.
    7. Yari Vecchio & Giulio Paolo Agnusdei & Pier Paolo Miglietta & Fabian Capitanio, 2020. "Adoption of Precision Farming Tools: The Case of Italian Farmers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-16, January.
    8. Das, Usha & Ansari, M.A. & Ghosh, Souvik, 2022. "Effectiveness and upscaling potential of climate smart agriculture interventions: Farmers' participatory prioritization and livelihood indicators as its determinants," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    9. Mhlangabezi Slayi & Leocadia Zhou & Ishmael Festus Jaja, 2023. "Constraints Inhibiting Farmers’ Adoption of Cattle Feedlots as a Climate-Smart Practice in Rural Communities of the Eastern Cape, South Africa: An In-Depth Examination," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-30, October.
    10. Daniel El Chami & André Daccache & Maroun El Moujabber, 2020. "How Can Sustainable Agriculture Increase Climate Resilience? A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-23, April.
    11. Victor O. Abegunde & Melusi Sibanda & Ajuruchukwu Obi, 2020. "Mainstreaming Climate-Smart Agriculture in Small-Scale Farming Systems: A Holistic Nonparametric Applicability Assessment in South Africa," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, February.
    12. Kansanga, Moses Mosonsieyiri & Kangmennaang, Joseph & Bezner Kerr, Rachel & Lupafya, Esther & Dakishoni, Laifolo & Luginaah, Isaac, 2021. "Agroecology and household production diversity and dietary diversity: Evidence from a five-year agroecological intervention in rural Malawi," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    13. Alice Joan G. Ferrer & Le Ha Thanh & Pham Hong Chuong & Nguyen Tuan Kiet & Vu Thu Trang & Trinh Cong Duc & Jinky C. Hopanda & Benedict Mark Carmelita & Eisen Bernard Bernardo, 2023. "Farming household adoption of climate-smart agricultural technologies: evidence from North-Central Vietnam," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 7(2), pages 641-663, June.
    14. Giulio Fusco & Marta Melgiovanni & Donatella Porrini & Traci Michelle Ricciardo, 2020. "How to Improve the Diffusion of Climate-Smart Agriculture: What the Literature Tells us," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, June.
    15. Arenas-Calle, Laura N. & Ramirez-Villegas, Julian & Whitfield, Stephen & Challinor, Andrew J., 2021. "Design of a Soil-based Climate-Smartness Index (SCSI) using the trend and variability of yields and soil organic carbon," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    16. Bongole, Abiud J., 2022. "Welfare Effects of Farming Household' Usage of Combination of Climate Smart Agriculture Practises in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 10(2), March.
    17. Kangogo, Daniel & Dentoni, Domenico & Bijman, Jos, 2021. "Adoption of climate‐smart agriculture among smallholder farmers: Does farmer entrepreneurship matter?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    18. Wei Liu & Jing Gao & Jie Xu & Cong Li, 2023. "Estimating Livelihood Vulnerability and Its Impact on Adaptation Strategies in the Context of Disaster Avoidance Resettlement in Southern Shaanxi, China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, July.
    19. Victor O. Abegunde & Ajuruchukwu Obi, 2022. "The Role and Perspective of Climate Smart Agriculture in Africa: A Scientific Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-15, February.
    20. Quevedo Cascante, Mónica & Acosta García, Nicolás & Fold, Niels, 2022. "The role of external forces in the adoption of aquaculture innovations: An ex-ante case study of fish farming in Colombia's southern Amazonian region," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15573-:d:981514. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.