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Sustainability of Coastal Agriculture in the Face of Soil Degradation: The Influence of Water Salinization as an Example

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  • Mariame Kholaiq

    (Laboratory of Geodynamic and Geomatics, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences El Jadida, Chouaib Doukkali University, Av. Jabrane Khalil Jabrane, El Jadida 24000, Morocco)

  • Safaa Benmessaoud

    (Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Mohammed Kara

    (Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Amine Assouguem

    (Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Arshad Mehmood Abbasi

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
    University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy)

  • Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohamed S. Elshikh

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdelmajid Rahimi

    (Laboratory of Geodynamic and Geomatics, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences El Jadida, Chouaib Doukkali University, Av. Jabrane Khalil Jabrane, El Jadida 24000, Morocco)

  • Najib Saber

    (SAM Laboratory, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Higher School of Technology Sidi Bennour, Chouaib Doukkali University, Av. des Facultés, El Haouzia, El Jadida 24123, Morocco)

Abstract

The pump-irrigated soils of the coastal Chaouia in Morocco are subject to changes in their qualities due to the quality of the irrigation water and their proximity to the sea. This work aims to approach irrigation water quality and the influence of these waters on the quality of agricultural soils. The study is based on the systematic and selective sampling of water and soils (19 water samples and 19 soil samples). Analyzed parameters mainly include the salinity and pH of the soil and water samples. The main results show that soil pH varies from 6.81 to 7.7. However, the pH of the water varies from 6.22 to 8.13. The electrical conductivity in soils varies from 12,260 μs/cm to 700 μs/cm and from 1123 μs/cm to 8120 μs/cm. The results of the analysis of soil salinity show that in moving away from the sea, the salinity decreases, and the salinity of the water samples follows the same trend. The Richard and Wilcox graphs show that most water samples taken near the sea are highly mineralized and have poor water quality. This paper presents important aspects of the feasibility of coastal agriculture and can be a source of inspiration for future research and planning of coastal agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariame Kholaiq & Safaa Benmessaoud & Mohammed Kara & Amine Assouguem & Arshad Mehmood Abbasi & Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi & Mohamed S. Elshikh & Abdelmajid Rahimi & Najib Saber, 2022. "Sustainability of Coastal Agriculture in the Face of Soil Degradation: The Influence of Water Salinization as an Example," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:20:p:13641-:d:949354
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Amine Assouguem & Mohammed Kara & Hamza Mechchate & Yesim Bulak Korkmaz & Safaâ Benmessaoud & Amal Ramzi & Khaled R. Abdullah & Omar Mohammed Noman & Abdellah Farah & Abderahim Lazraq, 2022. "Current Situation of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Northern Africa: The Sustainable Control Methods and Priorities for Future Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Amit Kumar & Amit Kumar & Cabral-Pinto M.M.S. & Ashish K. Chaturvedi & Aftab A. Shabnam & Gangavarapu Subrahmanyam & Raju Mondal & Dipak Kumar Gupta & Sandeep K. Malyan & Smita S. Kumar & Shakeel A. K, 2020. "Lead Toxicity: Health Hazards, Influence on Food Chain, and Sustainable Remediation Approaches," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-33, March.
    3. Amine Assouguem & Abdellah Farah & Riaz Ullah & Yesim Bulak Korkmaz & Rafa Almeer & Amany A. Sayed & Agnieszka Najda & Abderrahim Lazraq, 2022. "Evaluation of the Varietal Impact of Two Citrus Species on Fluctuations of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Beneficial Phytoseiid Mites," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-11, March.
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