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Adsorptive Removal of Lead and Chromate Ions from Water by Using Iron-Doped Granular Activated Carbon Obtained from Coconut Shells

Author

Listed:
  • Lubna Jaber

    (Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates)

  • Ihsanullah Ihsanullah

    (Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ismail W. Almanassra

    (Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates)

  • Sumina Namboorimadathil Backer

    (Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates)

  • Alaa Abushawish

    (Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates)

  • Abdelrahman K. A. Khalil

    (Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates)

  • Hussain Alawadhi

    (Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates)

  • Abdallah Shanableh

    (Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates)

  • Muataz Ali Atieh

    (Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
    Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program (CWDE), College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates)

Abstract

In this study, a low-cost granular activated carbon doped with Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (Fe–GAC) was prepared via a modified sol-gel technique and utilized for the elimination of lead (Pb(II)) and chromium (Cr(T)) ions from synthetic and actual brackish water. The effect of adsorption parameters on the removal of Pb(II) and Cr(T) ions from the water was evaluated in batch adsorption tests. The characterization results validated the distribution of well-defined Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles onto the GAC surface. GAC loaded with 5 wt.% of Fe 2 O 3 (Fe–GAC 5) exhibited a maximum surface area of 848.2 m 2 g −1 . The equilibrium data of Cr(T) adsorption were in close agreement with the Langmuir and Sips models with R 2 values of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. However, the R 2 values of the equilibrium data for Pb(II) adsorption were greater than 0.91 for all four models, i.e., Langmuir, and Sips, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cr(T) by Fe–GAC 5 at pH 5.6 and room temperature were 11.9 and 22.1 mg g −1 , respectively. Pseudo-second order (R 2 Pb(II) = 0.99, R 2 Cr(T) = 0.99) and Elovich kinetic models (R 2 Pb(II) = 1, R 2 Cr(T) = 1) were found the most suitable for describing the adsorption kinetics data of Pb(II) and Cr(T) using Fe–GAC 5. The adsorption/desorption studies illustrated that the Fe–GAC is reusable and can be regenerated using 1.0 M HCl. Moreover, the Fe–GAC 5 was found effective to reduce heavy metals loading in actual brackish water to the allowed international standards of drinking water. Accordingly, the Fe–GAC could be a promising material for large-scale applications for the elimination of heavy metals from water.

Suggested Citation

  • Lubna Jaber & Ihsanullah Ihsanullah & Ismail W. Almanassra & Sumina Namboorimadathil Backer & Alaa Abushawish & Abdelrahman K. A. Khalil & Hussain Alawadhi & Abdallah Shanableh & Muataz Ali Atieh, 2022. "Adsorptive Removal of Lead and Chromate Ions from Water by Using Iron-Doped Granular Activated Carbon Obtained from Coconut Shells," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-24, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:17:p:10877-:d:903007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elena L. Ungureanu & Andreea L. Mocanu & Corina A. Stroe & Corina M. Panciu & Laurentiu Berca & Robert M. Sionel & Gabriel Mustatea, 2023. "Agricultural Byproducts Used as Low-Cost Adsorbents for Removal of Potentially Toxic Elements from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-34, March.

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