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A Hybrid Deep Learning-Based Model for Detection of Electricity Losses Using Big Data in Power Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Adnan Khattak

    (Department of Computer Science, Abasyn University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Rasool Bukhsh

    (Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Sheraz Aslam

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus)

  • Ayman Yafoz

    (Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Omar Alghushairy

    (Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Raed Alsini

    (Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Electricity theft harms smart grids and results in huge revenue losses for electric companies. Deep learning (DL), machine learning (ML), and statistical methods have been used in recent research studies to detect anomalies and illegal patterns in electricity consumption (EC) data collected by smart meters. In this paper, we propose a hybrid DL model for detecting theft activity in EC data. The model combines both a gated recurrent unit (GRU) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The model distinguishes between legitimate and malicious EC patterns. GRU layers are used to extract temporal patterns, while the CNN is used to retrieve optimal abstract or latent patterns from EC data. Moreover, imbalance of data classes negatively affects the consistency of ML and DL. In this paper, an adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) method and TomekLinks are used to deal with the imbalance of data classes. In addition, the performance of the hybrid model is evaluated using a real-time EC dataset from the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC). The proposed algorithm is computationally expensive, but on the other hand, it provides higher accuracy than the other algorithms used for comparison. With more and more computational resources available nowadays, researchers are focusing on algorithms that provide better efficiency in the face of widespread data. Various performance metrics such as F1-score, precision, recall, accuracy, and false positive rate are used to investigate the effectiveness of the hybrid DL model. The proposed model outperforms its counterparts with 0.985 Precision–Recall Area Under Curve (PR-AUC) and 0.987 Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under Curve (ROC-AUC) for the data of EC.

Suggested Citation

  • Adnan Khattak & Rasool Bukhsh & Sheraz Aslam & Ayman Yafoz & Omar Alghushairy & Raed Alsini, 2022. "A Hybrid Deep Learning-Based Model for Detection of Electricity Losses Using Big Data in Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-20, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:20:p:13627-:d:949013
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hariprasath Manoharan & Yuvaraja Teekaraman & Irina Kirpichnikova & Ramya Kuppusamy & Srete Nikolovski & Hamid Reza Baghaee, 2020. "Smart Grid Monitoring by Wireless Sensors Using Binary Logistic Regression," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Md. Nazmul Hasan & Rafia Nishat Toma & Abdullah-Al Nahid & M M Manjurul Islam & Jong-Myon Kim, 2019. "Electricity Theft Detection in Smart Grid Systems: A CNN-LSTM Based Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-18, August.
    3. Batalla-Bejerano, Joan & Trujillo-Baute, Elisa & Villa-Arrieta, Manuel, 2020. "Smart meters and consumer behaviour: Insights from the empirical literature," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Hany Habbak & Mohamed Mahmoud & Mostafa M. Fouda & Maazen Alsabaan & Ahmed Mattar & Gouda I. Salama & Khaled Metwally, 2023. "Efficient One-Class False Data Detector Based on Deep SVDD for Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-28, October.
    2. Tomasz Śmiałkowski & Andrzej Czyżewski, 2022. "Detection of Anomalies in the Operation of a Road Lighting System Based on Data from Smart Electricity Meters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-23, December.
    3. Yiran Wang & Shuowei Jin & Ming Cheng, 2023. "A Convolution–Non-Convolution Parallel Deep Network for Electricity Theft Detection," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-22, June.
    4. Dongwei Yao & Xinwei Lu & Xiangyun Chao & Yongguang Zhang & Junhao Shen & Fanlong Zeng & Ziyan Zhang & Feng Wu, 2023. "Adaptive Equivalent Fuel Consumption Minimization Based Energy Management Strategy for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, March.

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