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Volumetric Quantification of Flash Flood Using Microwave Data on a Watershed Scale in Arid Environments, Saudi Arabia

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  • Jaka Budiman

    (Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Geo-Engineering Division, PT Freeport Indonesia, Jakarta 12940, Indonesia)

  • Jarbou Bahrawi

    (Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Asep Hidayatulloh

    (Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mansour Almazroui

    (Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohamed Elhag

    (Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment & Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth (RADI), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100094, China
    Department of Applied Geosciences, Faculty of Science, German University of Technology in Oman, Muscat 1816, Oman)

Abstract

Actual flood mapping and quantification in an area provide valuable information for the stakeholder to prevent future losses. This study presents the actual flash flood quantification in Al-Lith Watershed, Saudi Arabia. The study is divided into two steps: first is actual flood mapping using remote sensing data, and the second is the flood volume calculation. Two Sentinel-1 images are processed to map the actual flood, i.e., image from 25 May 2018 (dry condition), and 24 November 2018 (peak flood condition). SNAP software is used for the flood mapping step. During SNAP processing, selecting the backscatter data representing the actual flood in an arid region is challenging. The dB range value from 7.23–14.22 is believed to represent the flood. In GIS software, the flood map result is converted into polygon to define the flood boundary. The flood boundary that is overlaid with Digital Elevation Map (DEM) is filled with the same elevation value. The Focal Statistics neighborhood method with three iterations is used to generate the flood surface elevation inside the flood boundary. The raster contains depth information is derived by subtraction of the flood surface elevation with DEM. Several steps are carried out to minimize the overcalculation outside the flood boundary. The flood volume can be derived by the multiplication of flood depth points with each cell size area. The flash flood volume in Al-Lith Watershed on 24 November 2018 is 155,507,439 m 3 . Validity checks are performed by comparing it with other studies, and the result shows that the number is reliable.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaka Budiman & Jarbou Bahrawi & Asep Hidayatulloh & Mansour Almazroui & Mohamed Elhag, 2021. "Volumetric Quantification of Flash Flood Using Microwave Data on a Watershed Scale in Arid Environments, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:8:p:4115-:d:531629
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohamed Elhag & Jarbou A. Bahrawi, 2019. "Sedimentation mapping in shallow shoreline of arid environments using active remote sensing data," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 99(2), pages 879-894, November.
    2. Abhas K. Jha & Robin Bloch & Jessica Lamond, . "Cities and Flooding : A Guide to Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management for the 21st Century [Ciudades e Inundaciones : guía para la gestión integrada del riesgo de inundaciones en ciudades en el S," World Bank Publications, The World Bank, number 2241, September.
    3. Ioanna Zotou & Vasilis Bellos & Angeliki Gkouma & Vassilia Karathanassi & Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis, 2020. "Using Sentinel-1 Imagery to Assess Predictive Performance of a Hydraulic Model," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(14), pages 4415-4430, November.
    4. Amro Elfeki & Milad Masoud & Burhan Niyazi, 2017. "Integrated rainfall–runoff and flood inundation modeling for flash flood risk assessment under data scarcity in arid regions: Wadi Fatimah basin case study, Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 85(1), pages 87-109, January.
    5. Mohamed Elhag & Shemsu G. Abdurahman, 2020. "Advanced remote sensing techniques in flash flood delineation in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(3), pages 3401-3413, September.
    6. Jarbou Bahrawi & Hatem Ewea & Ahmed Kamis & Mohamed Elhag, 2020. "Potential flood risk due to urbanization expansion in arid environments, Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 104(1), pages 795-809, October.
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