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Potential flood risk due to urbanization expansion in arid environments, Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Jarbou Bahrawi

    (King Abdulaziz University)

  • Hatem Ewea

    (King Abdulaziz University)

  • Ahmed Kamis

    (King Abdulaziz University)

  • Mohamed Elhag

    (King Abdulaziz University
    German University of Technology in Oman)

Abstract

Urbanization of watersheds is known to increase the flood risk potentials. Since 1970, eastern Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, underwent rapid urbanization due to the high rate of population growth and the booming economy, which attracts hundreds of thousands of expatriates. Such urbanizations change drastically the flood characteristics and enhance the risk from such watersheds as shown in 2009 and 2011 severe floods. To investigate the general relationship between the increases in flood peaks following historical urbanization in eastern Jeddah watersheds, satellite remote sensing data and meteorological data are developed. The utilization of high-resolution remote sensing data in temporal data analysis resulted in high classification accuracies using support vector machine as a classifier algorithm. The study area was classified into five different types of land use/land cover to quantify the changes that occurred between the bare rock and bare soil land cover classes. Three different data sets of images were synchronized with rainfall records, and hydrological data are used via watershed modeling systems. Such models are also used to obtain a quantitative estimate of the current potential risks. It is concluded that on average, the peak flows and the volumes increased by about 119% and about 89%, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Jarbou Bahrawi & Hatem Ewea & Ahmed Kamis & Mohamed Elhag, 2020. "Potential flood risk due to urbanization expansion in arid environments, Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 104(1), pages 795-809, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:104:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s11069-020-04190-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04190-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bahram Saghafian & Hassan Farazjoo & Babak Bozorgy & Farhad Yazdandoost, 2008. "Flood Intensification due to Changes in Land Use," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 22(8), pages 1051-1067, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Asep Hidayatulloh & Anis Chaabani & Lifu Zhang & Mohamed Elhag, 2022. "DEM Study on Hydrological Response in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-26, October.
    2. Dorcas Idowu & Wendy Zhou, 2023. "Global Megacities and Frequent Floods: Correlation between Urban Expansion Patterns and Urban Flood Hazards," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Rifat, Shaikh Abdullah Al & Liu, Weibo, 2022. "Predicting future urban growth scenarios and potential urban flood exposure using Artificial Neural Network-Markov Chain model in Miami Metropolitan Area," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    4. Emaad Saeed & Nassir Al-Amir & Amro Elfeki, 2025. "Assessment of dams’ hydrological efficiency under the effect of climate change and urban expansion: Brayman Dam in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia as a case study," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 121(5), pages 6233-6255, March.
    5. Esubalew Adem & Roman Shults & Muhammad Ukasha & Amro Elfeki & Faisal Alqahtani & Mohamed Elhag, 2024. "Land subsidence and groundwater storage change assessment using InSAR and GRACE in the arid environment of Saudi Arabia," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(14), pages 13137-13159, November.
    6. Jaka Budiman & Jarbou Bahrawi & Asep Hidayatulloh & Mansour Almazroui & Mohamed Elhag, 2021. "Volumetric Quantification of Flash Flood Using Microwave Data on a Watershed Scale in Arid Environments, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-14, April.
    7. Hafiz Suliman Munawar & Ahmed W. A. Hammad & S. Travis Waller & Muhammad Jamaluddin Thaheem & Asheem Shrestha, 2021. "An Integrated Approach for Post-Disaster Flood Management Via the Use of Cutting-Edge Technologies and UAVs: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-22, July.
    8. Othman, Abdullah & El-Saoud, Waleed A. & Habeebullah, Turki & Shaaban, Fathy & Abotalib, Abotalib Z., 2023. "Risk assessment of flash flood and soil erosion impacts on electrical infrastructures in overcrowded mountainous urban areas under climate change," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).

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