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Enhanced Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Palm Waste Using the Taguchi Method

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  • Tamer I. M. Ragab

    (Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt)

  • Fahad M. Alminderej

    (Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia)

  • Wael A. El-Sayed

    (Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
    Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt)

  • Sayed M. Saleh

    (Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
    Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43721, Egypt)

  • Al Shimaa Gamal Shalaby

    (Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt)

Abstract

In the present study, palm fiber (PF) and palm fronds (PFN) were selected as local agricultural wastes for the extraction of different biopolymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) by alkaline sodium hydroxide (PF, 2.37% NaOH at 86.5 °C for 1.6 h; PFN, 6% NaOH at 90 °C for 1 h) and bioethanol production. The processes of extraction were optimized by the experimental design method of Taguchi. The total carbohydrates of PF and PFN obtained were 24.4% and 31.0%, respectively. In addition, the untreated palm fiber (UPF), untreated palm frond (UPFN), cellulose palm fibers (CPF), and cellulose palm fronds (CPFN) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis processes using crude enzymes and commercial enzymes at 48 °C and pH 5.5. The results indicate that the maximum reducing sugars used were CPF 229.90, CPFN 243.69, UPF 120.19, and UPFN 100.00 (mg/g), which were obtained at a crude enzyme loading. CPF and CPFN hydrolysates were then successfully converted into bioethanol by a separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Anaerobic cultivation of the hydrolysates with S.cerevisiae resulted in 0.222 g/g and 0.213 g/g bioethanol in the case of CPF and CPFN, respectively. Optimization processes could be an innovative approach to the sustainable development of bioethanol production.

Suggested Citation

  • Tamer I. M. Ragab & Fahad M. Alminderej & Wael A. El-Sayed & Sayed M. Saleh & Al Shimaa Gamal Shalaby, 2021. "Enhanced Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Palm Waste Using the Taguchi Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:24:p:13660-:d:699420
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ohtani, Kazuhiro, 2000. "Bootstrapping R2 and adjusted R2 in regression analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 473-483, December.
    2. Lupoi, Jason S. & Singh, Seema & Parthasarathi, Ramakrishnan & Simmons, Blake A. & Henry, Robert J., 2015. "Recent innovations in analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of lignin," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 871-906.
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    1. Fahad M. Alminderej & Abuzar E. A. E. Albadri & Yassine El-Ghoul & Wael A. El-Sayed & Alaa M. Younis & Sayed M. Saleh, 2023. "Sustainable and Green Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers from Date Palm Residues and Their Adsorption Efficiency for Eosin Dye," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-17, July.

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