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The Fallow Period Plays an Important Role in Annual CH 4 Emission in a Rice Paddy in Southern Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Cristiano Maboni

    (Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105900, Brazil)

  • Tiago Bremm

    (Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105900, Brazil)

  • Leonardo José Gonçalves Aguiar

    (Faculdade de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas 96010610, Brazil)

  • Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro

    (Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas 96010971, Brazil)

  • Vanessa de Arruda Souza

    (Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105900, Brazil)

  • Hans Rogério Zimermann

    (Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105900, Brazil)

  • Claudio Alberto Teichrieb

    (Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105900, Brazil)

  • Pablo Eli Soares de Oliveira

    (Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105900, Brazil)

  • Dirceu Luis Herdies

    (Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPTEC), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo 12200000, Brazil)

  • Gervásio Annes Degrazia

    (Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105900, Brazil)

  • Débora Regina Roberti

    (Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105900, Brazil)

Abstract

Paddy fields are significant anthropogenic sources of methane (CH 4 ) emissions. In southern Brazil, rice is grown in lowland flooded areas once a year, followed by a long fallow period. This study aimed to measure CH 4 fluxes in a rice paddy field in southern Brazil during the rice-growing season of 2015/2016 and the following fallow period. The fluxes were estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique and soil chamber (SC). Diurnal and seasonal variations of CH 4 fluxes and potential meteorological drivers were analyzed. The CH 4 fluxes showed distinct diurnal variations in each analyzed subperiod (vegetative, reproductive, pre-harvest, no rice, and land preparation), characterized by a single-peak diurnal pattern. The variables that most influenced methane emissions were air and surface temperatures. In the growing season, the rice vegetative stage was responsible for most of the measured emissions. The accumulated annual emission estimated was 44.88 g CH 4 m −2 y −1 , being 64% (28.50 g CH 4 m −2 ) due to the rice-growing season and 36% (16.38 g CH 4 m −2 ) due to the fallow period. These results show the importance of including fallow periods in strategies to mitigate methane emissions in flood irrigated rice-growing areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristiano Maboni & Tiago Bremm & Leonardo José Gonçalves Aguiar & Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro & Vanessa de Arruda Souza & Hans Rogério Zimermann & Claudio Alberto Teichrieb & Pablo Eli Soares de Oliveir, 2021. "The Fallow Period Plays an Important Role in Annual CH 4 Emission in a Rice Paddy in Southern Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11336-:d:655892
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