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Development of a Novel Helical-Ribbon Mixer Dryer for Conversion of Rural Slaughterhouse Wastes to an Organic Fertilizer and Implications in the Rural Circular Economy

Author

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  • Ankita Bhowmik

    (School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India)

  • Shantanu Bhunia

    (School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India)

  • Anupam Debsarkar

    (Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India)

  • Rambilash Mallick

    (Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India)

  • Malancha Roy

    (School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
    South Asian Forum for Environment (SAFE), Kolkata 700099, India)

  • Joydeep Mukherjee

    (School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India)

Abstract

Organic wastes of rural slaughterhouses in developing countries comprise of blood and undigested rumen contents harboring infectious microbial pathogens and having impermissible BOD 5 and COD values. Previously we demonstrated valorization of blood and rumen contents through drying and conversion to an efficacious organic fertilizer which was free from infectious pathogens and heavy metals. Here we describe fabrication of a novel helical-ribbon mixer dryer for transition from the current small-scale household cooking to equipment-driven sustainable production. Blood and rumen digesta mixed in a 3:1 ratio, having initial moisture of 85%, were dried at 90–110 °C for 3–4 h to attain 15.6% final moisture-containing organic fertilizer. Energy consumption and moisture extraction rate were 49.4 MJ per batch and 18.9 kg h −1 respectively. Using this method, small abattoir owners could emerge as multi-product producers to enhance earnings while farmers could source the fertilizer locally for organic farming. The two activities can be complementary to each other and become a sustainable circular economy model. We applied a spreadsheet-based model for calculation of cash flow, breakeven point and conducted financial cost–benefit analysis on the projected operation of the dryer. Fertilizer production parallel with the meat trade should be profitable for slaughterhouse owners and farmers apart from generating local employment opportunities.

Suggested Citation

  • Ankita Bhowmik & Shantanu Bhunia & Anupam Debsarkar & Rambilash Mallick & Malancha Roy & Joydeep Mukherjee, 2021. "Development of a Novel Helical-Ribbon Mixer Dryer for Conversion of Rural Slaughterhouse Wastes to an Organic Fertilizer and Implications in the Rural Circular Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:9455-:d:619815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Modupe Stella Ayilara & Oluwaseyi Samuel Olanrewaju & Olubukola Oluranti Babalola & Olu Odeyemi, 2020. "Waste Management through Composting: Challenges and Potentials," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-23, May.
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    7. Malancha Roy & Rimi Das & Amit Kundu & Sanmoy Karmakar & Satadal Das & Pradip Kumar Sen & Anupam Debsarcar & Joydeep Mukherjee, 2015. "Organic Cultivation of Tomato in India with Recycled Slaughterhouse Wastes: Evaluation of Fertilizer and Fruit Safety," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-31, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Florin-Constantin Mihai, 2023. "Circular Economy and Sustainable Rural Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-5, January.

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