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Review of a Disruptive Vision of Future Power Grids: A New Path Based on Hybrid AC/DC Grids and Solid-State Transformers

Author

Listed:
  • Vitor Monteiro

    (Centro ALGORITMI, University of Minho, 4800 Guimaraes, Portugal)

  • Julio S. Martins

    (Centro ALGORITMI, University of Minho, 4800 Guimaraes, Portugal)

  • João Carlos Aparício Fernandes

    (Centro ALGORITMI, University of Minho, 4800 Guimaraes, Portugal)

  • Joao L. Afonso

    (Centro ALGORITMI, University of Minho, 4800 Guimaraes, Portugal)

Abstract

Power grids are evolving with the aim to guarantee sustainability and higher levels of power quality for universal access to electricity. More specifically, over the last two decades, power grids have been targeted for significant changes, including migration from centralized to decentralized paradigms as a corollary of intensive integration of novel electrical technologies and the availability of derived equipment. This paper addresses a review of a disruptive vision of future power grids, mainly focusing on the use of hybrid AC/DC grids and solid-state transformers technologies. Regarding hybrid AC/DC grids in particular, they are analyzed in detail in the context of unipolar and bipolar DC grids (i.e., two-wire or three-wire DC grids), as well as the different structures concerning coupled and decoupled AC configurations with low-frequency or high-frequency isolation. The contextualization of the possible configurations of solid-state transformers and the different configurations of hybrid transformers (in the perspective of offering benefits for increasing power quality in terms of currents or voltages) is also analyzed within the perspective of the smart transformers. Additionally, the paper also presents unified multi-port systems used to interface various technologies with hybrid AC/DC grids, which are also foreseen to play an important role in future power grids (e.g., the unified interface of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems), including an analysis concerning unified multi-port systems for AC or DC grids. Throughout the paper, these topics are presented and discussed in the context of future power grids. An exhaustive description of these technologies is made, covering the most relevant and recent structures and features that can be developed, as well as the challenges for the future power grids. Several scenarios are presented, encompassing the mentioned technologies, and unveiling a progressive evolution that culminates in the cooperative scope of such technologies for a disruptive vision of future power grids.

Suggested Citation

  • Vitor Monteiro & Julio S. Martins & João Carlos Aparício Fernandes & Joao L. Afonso, 2021. "Review of a Disruptive Vision of Future Power Grids: A New Path Based on Hybrid AC/DC Grids and Solid-State Transformers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-25, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:9423-:d:619452
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Unamuno, Eneko & Barrena, Jon Andoni, 2015. "Hybrid ac/dc microgrids—Part I: Review and classification of topologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1251-1259.
    2. João Abel Peças Lopes & André Guimarães Madureira & Manuel Matos & Ricardo Jorge Bessa & Vítor Monteiro & João Luiz Afonso & Sérgio F. Santos & João P. S. Catalão & Carlos Henggeler Antunes & Pedro Ma, 2020. "The future of power systems: Challenges, trends, and upcoming paradigms," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), May.
    3. Unamuno, Eneko & Barrena, Jon Andoni, 2015. "Hybrid ac/dc microgrids—Part II: Review and classification of control strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1123-1134.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dong Yu & Shan Gao & Xin Zhao & Yu Liu & Sicheng Wang & Tiancheng E. Song, 2023. "Alternating Iterative Power-Flow Algorithm for Hybrid AC–DC Power Grids Incorporating LCCs and VSCs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-22, March.
    2. Vitor Monteiro & Joao L. Afonso, 2023. "The Future of Electrical Power Grids: A Direction Rooted in Power Electronics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-10, June.
    3. Yuri Bulatov & Andrey Kryukov & Konstantin Suslov, 2022. "Simulation of Power Router-Based DC Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation and Energy Storage Units," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Takele Ferede Agajie & Ahmed Ali & Armand Fopah-Lele & Isaac Amoussou & Baseem Khan & Carmen Lilí Rodríguez Velasco & Emmanuel Tanyi, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review on Techno-Economic Analysis and Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources with Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-26, January.

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