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Hierarchical Control of Power Distribution in the Hybrid Energy Storage System of an Ultrafast Charging Station for Electric Vehicles

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  • Alexandra Blanch-Fortuna

    (Group of Automatic Control and Industrial Electronics (GAEI), Department of Electrical, Electronic and Automatic Control Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

  • David Zambrano-Prada

    (Group of Automatic Control and Industrial Electronics (GAEI), Department of Electrical, Electronic and Automatic Control Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

  • Oswaldo López-Santos

    (Group of Automatic Control and Industrial Electronics (GAEI), Department of Electrical, Electronic and Automatic Control Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

  • Abdelali El Aroudi

    (Group of Automatic Control and Industrial Electronics (GAEI), Department of Electrical, Electronic and Automatic Control Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

  • Luis Vázquez-Seisdedos

    (Electrotechnics Teaching Unit, Department of Forestry Engineering and Management, School of Forestry Engineering and Natural Resources, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Luis Martinez-Salamero

    (Group of Automatic Control and Industrial Electronics (GAEI), Department of Electrical, Electronic and Automatic Control Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain)

Abstract

This paper presents a two-level hierarchical control method for the power distribution between the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and the main dc bus of a microgrid for ultrafast charging of electric vehicles (EVs). The HESS is composed of a supercapacitor and a battery and is an essential part to fulfill the charging demand of EVs in a microgrid made up of a 220 V RMS ac bus, two dc buses of 600 V and 1500 V, respectively, and four charging points. A state machine defines the four operating modes of the HESS and establishes the conditions for the corresponding transitions among them, namely, charging the battery and the supercapacitor from the bus, injecting the current from the HESS into the 1500 V dc bus to ensure the power balance in the microgrid, regulating the bus voltage, and establishing the disconnection mode. The primary level of the control system regulates the current and voltage of the battery, supercapacitor, and dc bus, while the secondary level establishes the operating mode of the HESS and provides the appropriate references to the primary level. In the primary level, sliding mode control (SMC) is used in both the battery and supercapacitor in the inner loop of a cascade control that implements the standard constant current–constant voltage (CC-CV) charging protocol. In the same level, linear control is applied in the CV phase of the protocol and for bus voltage regulation or the current injection into the bus. PSIM simulations of the operating modes and their corresponding transitions verify the theoretical predictions.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandra Blanch-Fortuna & David Zambrano-Prada & Oswaldo López-Santos & Abdelali El Aroudi & Luis Vázquez-Seisdedos & Luis Martinez-Salamero, 2024. "Hierarchical Control of Power Distribution in the Hybrid Energy Storage System of an Ultrafast Charging Station for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:6:p:1393-:d:1356798
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Unamuno, Eneko & Barrena, Jon Andoni, 2015. "Hybrid ac/dc microgrids—Part I: Review and classification of topologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1251-1259.
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