IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i14p7782-d592976.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Classification of Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Using Night Lights for Evidence of Humans and POI Data for Social Setting

Author

Listed:
  • Wenjing Zeng

    (Forestry College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China)

  • Yongde Zhong

    (Forestry College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
    National Forestry and Grassland Administration State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center for Forest Tourism, Changsha 410004, China)

  • Dali Li

    (Forestry College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
    Dean’s Office, Hunan Open University, Changsha 410004, China)

  • Jinyang Deng

    (Recreation, Parks and Tourism Resources Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 999039, USA)

Abstract

The recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) has been widely recognized as an effective tool for the inventory and planning of outdoor recreational resources. However, its applications have been primarily focused on forest-dominated settings with few studies being conducted on all land types at a regional scale. The creation of a ROS is based on physical, social, and managerial settings, with the physical setting being measured by three criteria: remoteness, size, and evidence of humans. One challenge to extending the ROS to all land types on a large scale is the difficulty of quantifying the evidence of humans and social settings. Thus, this study, for the first time, developed an innovative approach that used night lights as a proxy for evidence of humans and points of interest (POI) for social settings to generate an automatic ROS for Hunan Province using Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis. The whole province was classified as primitive (2.51%), semi-primitive non-motorized (21.33%), semi-primitive motorized (38.60%), semi-developed natural (30.99%), developed natural (5.61%), and highly developed (0.96%), which was further divided into three subclasses: large-natural (0.63%), small natural (0.27%), and facilities (0.06%). In order to implement the management and utilization of natural recreational resources in Hunan Province at the county (city, district) level, the province’s 122 counties (cities, districts) were categorized into five levels based on the ROS factor dominance calculated at the county and provincial levels. These five levels include key natural recreational counties (cities, districts), general natural recreational counties (cities, districts), rural counties (cities, districts), general metropolitan counties (cities, districts), and key metropolitan counties (cities, districts), with the corresponding numbers being 8, 21, 50, 24, and 19, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenjing Zeng & Yongde Zhong & Dali Li & Jinyang Deng, 2021. "Classification of Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Using Night Lights for Evidence of Humans and POI Data for Social Setting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7782-:d:592976
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7782/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7782/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Menas C. Kafatos & Seung Hee Kim & Chul-Hee Lim & Jinwon Kim & Woo-Kyun Lee, 2017. "Responses of Agroecosystems to Climate Change: Specifics of Resilience in the Mid-Latitude Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Johnson, Kenneth M. & Beale, Calvin L., 2002. "Nonmetro Recreation Counties Their Identification and Rapid Growth," Rural America/ Rural Development Perspectives, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 17(4), December.
    3. Reeder, Richard J. & Brown, Dennis M., 2005. "Recreation, Tourism, and Rural Well-Being," Economic Research Report 7220, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pankaj Lal & Janaki Alavalapati & Evan Mercer, 2011. "Socio-economic impacts of climate change on rural United States," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 16(7), pages 819-844, October.
    2. David Marcouiller, 2013. "The rural development attributes of tourism," Chapters, in: Gary Paul Green (ed.), Handbook of Rural Development, chapter 9, pages i-ii, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. repec:mpr:mprres:4589 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Natalia Porto & Natalia Espinola & Laura Carella, 2020. "Income inequality, tourism and resources endowment in Uruguay: a spatial and distributional approach," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4393, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    5. Olivier JOALLAND & Tina RAMBONILAZA, 2017. "Assessing the impact of renewable energy infrastructure on the “tourist value” in rural landscapes: a spatial hedonic approach," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2017-10, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    6. Nevena Ćurčić & Andrijana Mirković Svitlica & Jovana Brankov & Željko Bjeljac & Sanja Pavlović & Bojana Jandžiković, 2021. "The Role of Rural Tourism in Strengthening the Sustainability of Rural Areas: The Case of Zlakusa Village," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-23, June.
    7. Gualter Couto & Rui Alexandre Castanho & Pedro Pimentel & Célia Carvalho & Áurea Sousa & Carlos Santos, 2020. "The Impacts of COVID-19 Crisis over the Tourism Expectations of the Azores Archipelago Residents," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-14, September.
    8. Jarron M. Saint Onge & Lori M. Hunter & Jason D. Boardman, 2007. "Population Growth in High‐Amenity Rural Areas: Does it Bring Socioeconomic Benefits for Long‐Term Residents?," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 88(2), pages 366-381, June.
    9. Xia Wang & Peiru Cai, 2022. "The relationship between tourism development and multidimensional poverty reduction: A decoupling analysis," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 2501-2518, August.
    10. Jaclyn Butler & Grace A. Wildermuth & Brian C. Thiede & David L. Brown, 2020. "Population Change and Income Inequality in Rural America," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 39(5), pages 889-911, October.
    11. Alexandra M. Thorn & Jonathan R. Thompson & Joshua S. Plisinski, 2016. "Patterns and Predictors of Recent Forest Conversion in New England," Land, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-17, September.
    12. Poudyal, Neelam C. & Hodges, Donald G. & Cordell, H. Ken, 2008. "The role of natural resource amenities in attracting retirees: Implications for economic growth policy," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1-2), pages 240-248, December.
    13. Debra A. Strong & Patricia Del Grosso & Andrew Burwick & Vinita Jethwani & Michael Ponza, "undated". "Rural Research Needs and Data Sources for Selected Human Services Topics, Volume 1: Research Needs," Mathematica Policy Research Reports a194fdd8e178411cb2a5c4c40, Mathematica Policy Research.
    14. Natalia Porto & Natalia Espinola, 2019. "Labor income inequalities and tourism development in Argentina: A regional approach," Tourism Economics, , vol. 25(8), pages 1265-1285, December.
    15. Chi, Guangqing & Marcouiller, David W., 2012. "Recreational Homes and Migration to Remote Amenity-Rich Areas," Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Mid-Continent Regional Science Association, vol. 42(1), pages 1-14.
    16. Adeola, Ogechi & Evans, Olaniyi & Hilson, Ebo, 2018. "Tourism and economic wellbeing in Africa," MPRA Paper 93685, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Anwar Hussain & Ian A. Munn & Jerry Brashier & W. Daryl Jones & James E. Henderson, 2013. "Capitalization of Hunting Lease Income into Northern Mississippi Forestland Values," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 89(1), pages 137-153.
    18. Travis Warziniack & Chi Ho Sham & Robert Morgan & Yasha Feferholtz, 2017. "Effect of Forest Cover on Water Treatment Costs," Water Economics and Policy (WEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 3(04), pages 1-19, October.
    19. Kent Kovacs & Robert G. Haight & Grant West, 2017. "Protected Area Designation, Natural Amenities, and Rural Development of Forested Counties in the Continental United States," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(4), pages 611-639, December.
    20. repec:rre:publsh:v:37:y:2007:i:3:p:392-410 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Pamela Palmi & Greta Enrica Lezzi, 2020. "How Authenticity and Tradition Shift into Sustainability and Innovation: Evidence from Italian Agritourism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-23, July.
    22. Angelo Belliggiano & Eugenio Cejudo Garcia & Marilena Labianca & Francisco Navarro Valverde & Stefano De Rubertis, 2020. "The “Eco-Effectiveness” of Agritourism Dynamics in Italy and Spain: A Tool for Evaluating Regional Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-25, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7782-:d:592976. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.