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Influence of Tree Canopy Coverage and Leaf Area Density on Urban Heat Island Mitigation

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  • Atefeh Tamaskani Esfehankalateh

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeongdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea)

  • Jack Ngarambe

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeongdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea)

  • Geun Young Yun

    (Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeongdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea)

Abstract

Urban heat islands (UHI) are a widely documented phenomenon that adversely increases urban overheating and, among other effects, contributes to heat-related mortalities and morbidities in urban areas. Consequently, comprehensive UHI-mitigating measures are essential for improving urban microclimate environments and contributing to salutogenic urban design practices. This study proposed urban cooling strategies involving different tree percentages and leaf area densities in a dense urban area during the summertime in Korea. The cooling effects of sixteen various combinations of proposed scenarios based on common urban tree types were studied via in-situ field measurements and numerical modeling, considering both vegetated and exposed areas. It was observed that by changing the characteristics of the leaf area density (LAD) per plant of our vegetated base area—for instance, from 4% trees to 60% trees, from a low LAD to a high LAD—the daily average and daily maximum temperatures were reduced by approximately 3 °C and 5.23 °C, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate the usefulness of urban trees to mitigate urban heating, and they are particularly useful to urban designers and policymakers in their efforts to minimize UHI effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Atefeh Tamaskani Esfehankalateh & Jack Ngarambe & Geun Young Yun, 2021. "Influence of Tree Canopy Coverage and Leaf Area Density on Urban Heat Island Mitigation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7496-:d:588925
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roman, Kibria K. & O'Brien, Timothy & Alvey, Jedediah B. & Woo, OhJin, 2016. "Simulating the effects of cool roof and PCM (phase change materials) based roof to mitigate UHI (urban heat island) in prominent US cities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 103-117.
    2. John Paravantis & Mat Santamouris & Constantinos Cartalis & Chrysanthi Efthymiou & Nikoletta Kontoulis, 2017. "Mortality Associated with High Ambient Temperatures, Heatwaves, and the Urban Heat Island in Athens, Greece," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-22, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yutian Zhuang & Dixiang Xie & Xijun Yu, 2023. "Urban Tree Canopy and Environmental Justice: Examining the Distributional Equity of Urban Tree Canopy in Guangzhou, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Patricio Pacheco & Eduardo Mera & Voltaire Fuentes, 2023. "Intensive Urbanization, Urban Meteorology and Air Pollutants: Effects on the Temperature of a City in a Basin Geography," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Zamponi, Virginia & O’Brien, Kevin & Jensen, Erik & Feldhaus, Brandon & Moore, Russell & Lynch, Christopher J. & Gore, Ross, 2023. "Understanding and assessing demographic (in)equity resulting from extreme heat and direct sunlight exposure due to lack of tree canopies in Norfolk, VA using agent-based modeling," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 483(C).

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