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Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Author

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  • Mihai Machedon-Pisu

    (Department of Electronics and Computers, Transilvania University of Brașov, 500036 Brașov, Romania)

  • Paul Nicolae Borza

    (Department of Electronics and Computers, Transilvania University of Brașov, 500036 Brașov, Romania)

Abstract

As the title suggests, the sustainability of personal electric vehicles is in question. In terms of life span, range, comfort, and safety, electric vehicles, such as e-cars and e-buses, are much better than personal electric vehicles, such as e-bikes. However, electric vehicles present greater costs and increased energy consumption. Also, the impact on environment, health, and fitness is more negative than that of personal electric vehicles. Since transportation vehicles can benefit from hybrid electric storage solutions, we address the following question: Is it possible to reach a compromise between sustainability and technology constraints by implementing a low-cost hybrid personal electric vehicle with improved life span and range that is also green? Our methodology consists of life cycle assessment and performance analyses tackling the facets of the sustainability challenges (economy, society, and environment) and limitations of the electric storage solutions (dependent on technology and application) presented herein. The hybrid electric storage system of the proposed hybrid e-bike is made of batteries, supercapacitors, and corresponding power electronics, allowing the optimal control of power flows between the system’s components and application’s actuators. Our hybrid e-bike costs less than a normal e-bike (half or less), does not depend on battery operation for short periods of time (a few seconds), has better autonomy than most personal electric vehicles (more than 60 km), has a greater life span (a few years more than a normal e-bike), has better energy efficiency (more than 90%), and is much cleaner due to the reduced number of batteries replaced per life time (one instead of two or three).

Suggested Citation

  • Mihai Machedon-Pisu & Paul Nicolae Borza, 2019. "Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2019:i:1:p:32-:d:299529
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    Cited by:

    1. Mihai Machedon-Pisu & Paul Nicolae Borza, 2022. "Impact of the Light-Duty Vehicles’ Storage and Travel Demand on the Sustainable Exploitation of Available Resources and Air Pollution Abatement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-24, July.
    2. Mihai Machedon-Pisu & Paul Nicolae Borza, 2021. "A Methodological Approach to Assess the Impact of Energy and Raw Materials Constraints on the Sustainable Deployment of Light-Duty Vehicles by 2050," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, October.
    3. Mohamed Krichi & Abdullah M. Noman & Mhamed Fannakh & Tarik Raffak & Zeyad A. Haidar, 2025. "Sustainable Electric Micromobility Through Integrated Power Electronic Systems and Control Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-40, April.

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