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Simulation-Based Evaluation of the Effect of Green Roofs in Office Building Districts on Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect and Reducing CO 2 Emissions

Author

Listed:
  • Yujiro Hirano

    (Fukushima Branch, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima Environmental Creation Centre, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu Town, Tamura District, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan)

  • Tomohiko Ihara

    (Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan)

  • Kei Gomi

    (Fukushima Branch, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima Environmental Creation Centre, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu Town, Tamura District, Fukushima 963-7700, Japan)

  • Tsuyoshi Fujita

    (Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)

Abstract

This study focused on the effects of green roofs in office building districts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of green roofs in the reduction of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and CO 2 emissions. These effects consider decreased energy consumption for space cooling, and the amount of water needed for evapotranspiration on the green roofs. A coupled urban canopy/building energy model (CM-BEM) was utilized to simulate the effectiveness of green roofs. The amount of water needed for evapotranspiration was calculated by using latent heat flux, which was derived from the results of roof surface heat balance calculations. The effect of green roofs on CO 2 emissions was determined based on their effectiveness to reduce the energy demand for space cooling, calculated by air-conditioning load simulation. We calculated the CO 2 emissions from powering the pumps and the use of tap water, when the necessary amount of water was supplied by watering. Finally, the relationships between amount of water, UHI mitigation, and CO 2 emissions were determined.

Suggested Citation

  • Yujiro Hirano & Tomohiko Ihara & Kei Gomi & Tsuyoshi Fujita, 2019. "Simulation-Based Evaluation of the Effect of Green Roofs in Office Building Districts on Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect and Reducing CO 2 Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:7:p:2055-:d:220587
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hirano, Y. & Fujita, T., 2012. "Evaluation of the impact of the urban heat island on residential and commercial energy consumption in Tokyo," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 371-383.
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    Cited by:

    1. Natalia Sergeevna Shushunova & Elena Anatolyevna Korol & Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin, 2021. "Modular Green Roofs for the Sustainability of the Built Environment: The Installation Process," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Mansoureh Gholami & Alberto Barbaresi & Patrizia Tassinari & Marco Bovo & Daniele Torreggiani, 2020. "A Comparison of Energy and Thermal Performance of Rooftop Greenhouses and Green Roofs in Mediterranean Climate: A Hygrothermal Assessment in WUFI," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Sri Yuliani & Gagoek Hardiman & Erni Setyowati, 2020. "Green-Roof: The Role of Community in the Substitution of Green-Space toward Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-14, February.
    4. Silvia Croce & Elisa D’Agnolo & Mauro Caini & Rossana Paparella, 2021. "The Use of Cool Pavements for the Regeneration of Industrial Districts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-24, June.
    5. Elena Giacomello & Jacopo Gaspari, 2021. "Hydrologic Performance of an Extensive Green Roof under Intense Rain Events: Results from a Rain-Chamber Simulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-23, March.
    6. Sushobhan Sen & Jeffery Roesler & Benjamin Ruddell & Ariane Middel, 2019. "Cool Pavement Strategies for Urban Heat Island Mitigation in Suburban Phoenix, Arizona," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-21, August.
    7. Mitali Yeshwant Joshi & Jacques Teller, 2021. "Urban Integration of Green Roofs: Current Challenges and Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-33, November.
    8. Ángel Pitarch & María José Ruá & Lucía Reig & Inés Arín, 2020. "Contribution of Roof Refurbishment to Urban Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-20, October.
    9. Peng Ren & Xinxin Zhang & Haoyan Liang & Qinglin Meng, 2019. "Assessing the Impact of Land Cover Changes on Surface Urban Heat Islands with High-Spatial-Resolution Imagery on a Local Scale: Workflow and Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-24, September.

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