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Development of a numerical simulation system toward comprehensive assessments of urban warming countermeasures including their impacts upon the urban buildings' energy-demands

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  • Kikegawa, Yukihiro
  • Genchi, Yutaka
  • Yoshikado, Hiroshi
  • Kondo, Hiroaki

Abstract

One of the detrimental effects caused by the urban warming phenomena is the increase of energy consumption due to the artificial air-conditioning of buildings in summer. In greater Tokyo, the temperature sensitivity of the peak electricity demand reaches up to 3%/°C in recent years, and about 1.5 GW of new demand is required as the daily maximum temperature increases by 1.0 °C. This huge demand for summer electricity is considered to be one of the common characteristics of big cities in Asian countries. In order to simulate this increase in cooling energy demands and to evaluate urban warming countermeasures from the viewpoint of buildings' energy savings, a numerical simulation system was developed adopting a new one-dimensional urban canopy meteorological model coupled with a simple sub-model for the building energy analysis. Then, the system was applied to the Ootemachi area, a central business district in Tokyo. Preliminary verification of the simulation system using observational data on the outdoor and indoor thermal conditions showed good results. Simulations also indicated that the cut-off of the anthropogenic heat from air-conditioning facilities could produce a cooling energy saving up to 6% with the outdoor air-temperature decrease by more than 1 °C in the summer urban canopy over Ootemachi area.

Suggested Citation

  • Kikegawa, Yukihiro & Genchi, Yutaka & Yoshikado, Hiroshi & Kondo, Hiroaki, 2003. "Development of a numerical simulation system toward comprehensive assessments of urban warming countermeasures including their impacts upon the urban buildings' energy-demands," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(4), pages 449-466, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:76:y:2003:i:4:p:449-466
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    Cited by:

    1. Hirano, Y. & Fujita, T., 2012. "Evaluation of the impact of the urban heat island on residential and commercial energy consumption in Tokyo," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 371-383.
    2. Ghada Elshafei & Dušan Katunský & Martina Zeleňáková & Abdelazim Negm, 2022. "Opportunities for Using Analytical Hierarchy Process in Green Building Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-24, June.
    3. Kuang-Sheng Liu & Sung-Lin Hsueh & Wen-Chen Wu & Yu-Lung Chen, 2012. "A DFuzzy-DAHP Decision-Making Model for Evaluating Energy-Saving Design Strategies for Residential Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(11), pages 1-19, November.
    4. Keirstead, James & Jennings, Mark & Sivakumar, Aruna, 2012. "A review of urban energy system models: Approaches, challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3847-3866.
    5. Yujiro Hirano & Tomohiko Ihara & Kei Gomi & Tsuyoshi Fujita, 2019. "Simulation-Based Evaluation of the Effect of Green Roofs in Office Building Districts on Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect and Reducing CO 2 Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, April.
    6. Luxi Jin & Sebastian Schubert & Mohamed Hefny Salim & Christoph Schneider, 2020. "Impact of Air Conditioning Systems on the Outdoor Thermal Environment during Summer in Berlin, Germany," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-21, June.
    7. Dong-Hyeon Kim & Byeong-Il Ahn & Eui-Gyeong Kim, 2016. "Metropolitan Residents’ Preferences and Willingness to Pay for a Life Zone Forest for Mitigating Heat Island Effects during Summer Season in Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-15, November.
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    9. Kohler, M. & Blond, N. & Clappier, A., 2016. "A city scale degree-day method to assess building space heating energy demands in Strasbourg Eurometropolis (France)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 40-54.
    10. Duan, Shuangping & Luo, Zhiwen & Yang, Xinyan & Li, Yuguo, 2019. "The impact of building operations on urban heat/cool islands under urban densification: A comparison between naturally-ventilated and air-conditioned buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 129-138.
    11. Gago, E.J. & Roldan, J. & Pacheco-Torres, R. & Ordóñez, J., 2013. "The city and urban heat islands: A review of strategies to mitigate adverse effects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 749-758.
    12. Manfren, Massimiliano & Caputo, Paola & Costa, Gaia, 2011. "Paradigm shift in urban energy systems through distributed generation: Methods and models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 1032-1048, April.
    13. Tingzhen Ming & Shengnan Lian & Yongjia Wu & Tianhao Shi & Chong Peng & Yueping Fang & Renaud de Richter & Nyuk Hien Wong, 2021. "Numerical Investigation on the Urban Heat Island Effect by Using a Porous Media Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, August.
    14. Yigit Kazancoglu & Yalcin Berberoglu & Cisem Lafci & Oleksander Generalov & Denys Solohub & Viktor Koval, 2023. "Environmental Sustainability Implications and Economic Prosperity of Integrated Renewable Solutions in Urban Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-24, December.
    15. Tremeac, Brice & Bousquet, Pierre & de Munck, Cecile & Pigeon, Gregoire & Masson, Valery & Marchadier, Colette & Merchat, Michele & Poeuf, Pierre & Meunier, Francis, 2012. "Influence of air conditioning management on heat island in Paris air street temperatures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 102-110.
    16. Kong, Fanhua & Sun, Changfeng & Liu, Fengfeng & Yin, Haiwei & Jiang, Fei & Pu, Yingxia & Cavan, Gina & Skelhorn, Cynthia & Middel, Ariane & Dronova, Iryna, 2016. "Energy saving potential of fragmented green spaces due to their temperature regulating ecosystem services in the summer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1428-1440.
    17. Zinzi, Michele & Carnielo, Emiliano & Mattoni, Benedetta, 2018. "On the relation between urban climate and energy performance of buildings. A three-years experience in Rome, Italy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 148-160.
    18. Kikegawa, Yukihiro & Genchi, Yutaka & Kondo, Hiroaki & Hanaki, Keisuke, 2006. "Impacts of city-block-scale countermeasures against urban heat-island phenomena upon a building's energy-consumption for air-conditioning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(6), pages 649-668, June.
    19. Guglielmina Mutani & Valeria Todeschi & Simone Beltramino, 2020. "Energy Consumption Models at Urban Scale to Measure Energy Resilience," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-31, July.
    20. David T. Tan & Yi Gong & José Gabriel Siri, 2017. "The Impact of Subsidies on the Prevalence of Climate-Sensitive Residential Buildings in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-26, December.
    21. Toparlar, Y. & Blocken, B. & Maiheu, B. & van Heijst, G.J.F., 2018. "Impact of urban microclimate on summertime building cooling demand: A parametric analysis for Antwerp, Belgium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 852-872.
    22. Yang, Xiaoshan & Peng, Lilliana L.H. & Jiang, Zhidian & Chen, Yuan & Yao, Lingye & He, Yunfei & Xu, Tianjing, 2020. "Impact of urban heat island on energy demand in buildings: Local climate zones in Nanjing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    23. Sadroddin Alavipanah & Martin Wegmann & Salman Qureshi & Qihao Weng & Thomas Koellner, 2015. "The Role of Vegetation in Mitigating Urban Land Surface Temperatures: A Case Study of Munich, Germany during the Warm Season," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-18, April.
    24. Kikegawa, Yukihiro & Nakajima, Kazusa & Takane, Yuya & Ohashi, Yukitaka & Ihara, Tomohiko, 2022. "A quantification of classic but unquantified positive feedback effects in the urban-building-energy-climate system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).

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