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Are Worldwide Governance Indicators Stable or Do They Change over Time? A Comparative Study Using Multivariate Analysis

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  • Isabel Gallego-Álvarez

    (Department of Business Administration, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
    Multidisciplinary Institute of Enterprise (IME), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Miguel Rodríguez-Rosa

    (Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
    Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Purificación Vicente-Galindo

    (Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
    Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

Abstract

Governance is a characteristic of political systems that indicates the degrees of cooperation and interaction between a state and non-state actors when it comes to decision making that will have an impact on society. The aim of our research focuses on analysing the behaviour of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) over the 2002–2019 period, since we are interested in learning whether such indicators varied or remained constant. Moreover, we will gain insight into the evolution of these indicators across countries in different geographical areas. The techniques we have chosen for this research are as follows: Partial Triadic Analysis, also known as X-STATIS, to highlight the stable structure of the evolution of the indicators and countries along the years by means of building an average year; Tucker3 to highlight deeper relationships among countries, indicators and years. A comparative analysis of these methods will allow us to check whether the WGI are stable over the years studied or whether they vary over time, providing information about the differences between the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) in several countries or geographical areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Isabel Gallego-Álvarez & Miguel Rodríguez-Rosa & Purificación Vicente-Galindo, 2021. "Are Worldwide Governance Indicators Stable or Do They Change over Time? A Comparative Study Using Multivariate Analysis," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(24), pages 1-19, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:24:p:3257-:d:703358
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    References listed on IDEAS

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