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Location Allocation of Biorefineries for a Switchgrass-Based Bioethanol Supply Chain Using Energy Consumption and Emissions

Author

Listed:
  • Seyed Ali Haji Esmaeili

    (Department of Management, Marketing and Operations, College of Business, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA)

  • Ahmad Sobhani

    (Department of Decision and Information Sciences, School of Business Administration, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA)

  • Sajad Ebrahimi

    (Nicolais School Business, Wagner College, Staten Island, NY 10301, USA)

  • Joseph Szmerekovsky

    (Transportation, Logistics, and Finance Department, College of Business, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA)

  • Alan Dybing

    (Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA)

  • Amin Keramati

    (School of Business, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA)

Abstract

Background : Due to the growing demand for energy and environmental issues related to using fossil fuels, it is becoming tremendously important to find alternative energy sources. Bioethanol produced from switchgrass is considered as one of the best alternatives to fossil fuels. Methods : This study develops a two-stage supply chain modeling approach that first determines feasible locations for constructing switchgrass-based biorefineries in the state of North Dakota by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis. In the second stage, the profit of the corresponding switchgrass-based bioethanol supply chain is maximized by developing a mixed-integer linear program that aims to commercialize the bioethanol production while impacts of energy use and carbon emission costs on the supply chain decisions and siting of biorefineries are included. Results : The numerical results show that carbon emissions and energy consumption penalties affect optimal biorefinery selections and supply chain decisions. Conclusions : We conclude that there is no need to penalize both emissions and energy use simultaneously to achieve desirable environmental benefits, otherwise, the supply chain becomes non-profitable. Moreover, imposing emissions or energy consumption penalties makes the optimization model closer to supply sources while having higher land rental costs. Such policies would promote sustainable second-generation biomass production, thus decreasing reliance on fossil fuels.

Suggested Citation

  • Seyed Ali Haji Esmaeili & Ahmad Sobhani & Sajad Ebrahimi & Joseph Szmerekovsky & Alan Dybing & Amin Keramati, 2023. "Location Allocation of Biorefineries for a Switchgrass-Based Bioethanol Supply Chain Using Energy Consumption and Emissions," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-22, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlogis:v:7:y:2023:i:1:p:5-:d:1038461
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sojung Kim & Yeona Choi & Sumin Kim, 2023. "Simulation Modeling in Supply Chain Management Research of Ethanol: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Sajad Ebrahimi & Joseph Szmerekovsky & Bahareh Golkar & Seyed Ali Haji Esmaeili, 2023. "Designing a Renewable Jet Fuel Supply Chain: Leveraging Incentive Policies to Drive Commercialization and Sustainability," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-20, December.

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