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Evaluation of Sustainable Development Objectives in the Production of Protected Geographical Indication Legumes

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  • Betty Carlini

    (Ministerio dell’Istruzione e del Merito, Governo Italiano, Viale Trastevere, 76/a, 00153 Roma, Italy
    Department of Environment and Agroforestry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain)

  • Javier Velázquez

    (Department of Environment and Agroforestry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain
    TEMSUS Research Group, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain
    VALORIZA—Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal)

  • Derya Gülçin

    (TEMSUS Research Group, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain
    Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09100, Türkiye)

  • Cristina Lucini

    (Department of Environment and Agroforestry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain)

  • Víctor Rincón

    (TEMSUS Research Group, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain
    Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
    Tragsatec, Calle Julián Camarillo, 6A, 28037 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

The Mediterranean Diet is a highly sustainable diet, and legumes are among the products that best characterize this concept. This study evaluates the environmental sustainability of the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) legume Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivated in the Asturias region, Spain. Employing a multi-indicator approach, the study aims to define and measure certain biodiversity indicators useful for assessing the ecological quality and sustainability of the agroecosystems under consideration. Spatial analyses were conducted with GIS-based methodologies, integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to generate a Sustainability Index (SI). The study found that a significant positive spatial autocorrelation was observed using Moran’s I test (Moran’s I = 0.74555, p < 0.01), indicating that the SI values were not equally distributed but clustered around particular regions. Furthermore, the Getis-Ord Gi* analysis determined statistically significant hotspots, mainly distributed in the western and southwestern areas, including regions near Cangas del Narcea and Tineo. This paper highlights the importance of integrating spatial analysis for environmental assessments to develop sustainability approaches. Soil quality, water use, biodiversity, and land management are some of the factors that affect sustainability outcomes in the region. The results underscore the role of PGI in promoting sustainable agricultural practices by meeting geographical and quality requirements for local production.

Suggested Citation

  • Betty Carlini & Javier Velázquez & Derya Gülçin & Cristina Lucini & Víctor Rincón, 2025. "Evaluation of Sustainable Development Objectives in the Production of Protected Geographical Indication Legumes," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:14:y:2025:i:3:p:636-:d:1614396
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Reina Pérez & Cecilia Fernández & Amanda Laca & Adriana Laca, 2024. "Evaluation of Environmental Impacts in Legume Crops: A Case Study of PGI White Bean Production in Southern Europe," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-17, September.
    2. Giuseppe Grosso & Ujué Fresán & Maira Bes-Rastrollo & Stefano Marventano & Fabio Galvano, 2020. "Environmental Impact of Dietary Choices: Role of the Mediterranean and Other Dietary Patterns in an Italian Cohort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-13, February.
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    4. Douglas Gollin, 2020. "Conserving genetic resources for agriculture: economic implications of emerging science," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(5), pages 919-927, October.
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