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Has the Establishment of National Key Ecological Function Zones Improved Eco-Environmental Quality?—Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in 130 Counties in Sichuan Province, China

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  • Yuanjie Deng

    (School of Economics, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
    Research Center of Agricultural Economy, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China)

  • Lu Ming

    (School of Economics, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China)

  • Yifeng Hai

    (School of Economics, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China)

  • Hang Chen

    (School of Economics, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China)

  • Dingdi Jize

    (School of Economics, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
    Research Center of Agricultural Economy, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China)

  • Ji Luo

    (School of Economics, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
    Research Center of Agricultural Economy, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China)

  • Xiaohan Yan

    (College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Xiaolong Zhang

    (The West Center for Economic Research, Southwest University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China)

  • Shunbo Yao

    (College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China)

  • Mengyang Hou

    (School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
    Research Center of Resources Utilization and Environmental Conservation, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China)

Abstract

China’s National Key Ecological Function Zones (NKEFZs) currently represent the largest and most extensive ecological conservation policy in China, with one of the core objectives of this policy being to improve eco-environmental quality (EEQ). This study regards the establishment of NKEFZs as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on panel data from 130 counties in Sichuan Province from 2001 to 2021, a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model was employed to evaluate the impact of NKEFZ establishment on EEQ. The findings indicate the following: ① The establishment of NKEFZs can significantly enhance the EEQ of the covered areas, albeit as a gradual long-term process. This conclusion not only meets the parallel-trends assumption but also holds true in a series of robustness tests such as placebo tests. ② Mechanism analysis reveals that NKEFZs can enhance EEQ through the effects of optimizing land spatial allocation and upgrading industrial structure. ③ Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the beneficial effect of NKEFZs on EEQ varies across different functional zone types, geographic spaces and ethnic regions. Our study not only contributes to the accumulation of empirical evidence and institutional refinement in the sustainable implementation of ecological policies in China but also offers valuable insights and references for other countries in formulating policies for eco-environmental protection.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuanjie Deng & Lu Ming & Yifeng Hai & Hang Chen & Dingdi Jize & Ji Luo & Xiaohan Yan & Xiaolong Zhang & Shunbo Yao & Mengyang Hou, 2024. "Has the Establishment of National Key Ecological Function Zones Improved Eco-Environmental Quality?—Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in 130 Counties in Sichuan Province, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:5:p:677-:d:1393874
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