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Exploring the Climate and Topography of Olive Orchards in Extremadura, Southwestern Spain

Author

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  • Fulgencio Honorio

    (Departamento de Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez, s/n., 06007 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Cristina Aguirado

    (Departamento de Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez, s/n., 06007 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Luis L. Paniagua

    (Departamento de Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez, s/n., 06007 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Abelardo García-Martín

    (Departamento de Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez, s/n., 06007 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Lourdes Rebollo

    (Departamento de Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez, s/n., 06007 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Francisco J. Rebollo

    (Departamento de Expresión Gráfica, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez, s/n., 06007 Badajoz, Spain)

Abstract

The olive tree is a significant woody crop in the Mediterranean basin, with the primary olive-growing areas located in the south and southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Climate plays a crucial role in crop distribution, viability, production, and yield. The climatic and topographical conditions of Extremadura in southwestern Spain, were analysed to characterise and group the olive-growing areas. To achieve this, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed to locate all registered olive tree plots. The orientations and elevations of these were analysed, along with the average, minimum, and maximum temperatures, precipitation, and frost for the period of 1990–2021. The study reveals that olive groves in Extremadura are primarily situated at elevations ranging from 200 to 600 m above sea level. Additionally, it was found that the least common orientation is towards the north. Temperatures are not a constraint for olive growing, except in the mountainous areas in the north of the region; however, rainfall can be a limiting factor. In fact, 50% of the olive-growing area receives less rainfall than is considered adequate for optimal production. Frost days and the low probability of severe frosts are not a problem for olive growing in this region, except in the highest parts of the region. The scale of this study, at plantation level, will enable the implementation of measures aimed at climate change adaptation and mitigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Fulgencio Honorio & Cristina Aguirado & Luis L. Paniagua & Abelardo García-Martín & Lourdes Rebollo & Francisco J. Rebollo, 2024. "Exploring the Climate and Topography of Olive Orchards in Extremadura, Southwestern Spain," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:4:p:495-:d:1373837
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fraga, Helder & Pinto, Joaquim G. & Santos, João A., 2020. "Olive tree irrigation as a climate change adaptation measure in Alentejo, Portugal," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    2. Alvaro Calzadilla & Katrin Rehdanz & Richard Betts & Pete Falloon & Andy Wiltshire & Richard Tol, 2013. "Climate change impacts on global agriculture," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 120(1), pages 357-374, September.
    3. Antonio Alberto Rodríguez Sousa & Jesús M. Barandica & Pedro A. Aguilera & Alejandro J. Rescia, 2020. "Examining Potential Environmental Consequences of Climate Change and Other Driving Forces on the Sustainability of Spanish Olive Groves under a Socio-Ecological Approach," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-22, October.
    4. Greven, Marc & Neal, Sue & Green, Steve & Dichio, Bartolomeo & Clothier, Brent, 2009. "The effects of drought on the water use, fruit development and oil yield from young olive trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(11), pages 1525-1531, November.
    5. Rocco Mafrica & Amalia Piscopo & Alessandra De Bruno & Marco Poiana, 2021. "Effects of Climate on Fruit Growth and Development on Olive Oil Quality in Cultivar Carolea," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fulgencio Honorio & Abelardo García-Martín & Cristina Aguirado & Luis L. Paniagua, 2025. "Climatic Structure Analysis of Olive Growing in Extremadura, Southwestern Spain," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, April.

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