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Impact of Long-Term Nutrient Supply Options on Soil Aggregate Stability after Nineteen Years of Rice–Wheat Cropping System

Author

Listed:
  • Sunita Kumari Meena

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
    Department of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa, Samastipur 848125, India)

  • Brahma Swaroop Dwivedi

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
    ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR-NBSS & LUP), Nagpur 440033, India)

  • Mahesh Chand Meena

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Saba Prasad Datta

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Vinod Kumar Singh

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
    ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (ICAR-CRIDA), Hyderabad 500059, India)

  • Rajendra Prasad Mishra

    (ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research (ICAR-IIFSR), Modipuram Meerut 250110, India)

  • Debashish Chakraborty

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Abir Dey

    (ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi 110012, India)

  • Vijay Singh Meena

    (ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR-VPKAS), Almora 263601, India
    CIMMYT-Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Samastipur 848125, India)

Abstract

Continuing soil degradation remains a serious threat to future food security. Soil aggregation can help protect soil organic matter from biodegradation; it affects soil physical (aeration), chemical (water infiltration), and biological (microbial) activities. The integrated plant nutrition system (IPNS) and organic farming (OF) options have been contemplated as a sustainable strategy to sustain soil aggregate stability under adverse climatic conditions and a possible tool to restore degraded soil systems. Results suggested that the application of plant nutrients based on IPNS and soil test crop response (STCR) including mineral fertilizers and organic manure (farmyard manure: FYM) improved soil aggregate stability and mean weight diameter (MWD) under rice–wheat cropping systems. A long-term (19 year) cropping system (rice–wheat) experiment was examined to identify best nutrient management practices. Seven nutrient supply options were applied: organic, mineral fertilizer in combination with IPNS, IPNS + B/IPNS + C to improve soil aggregate stability and MWD after completing 19 cropping cycles of rice–wheat cropping systems. Results showed that significantly higher (+31%) macroaggregates were dominant in the surface soil layer than in the subsurface soil. The significantly highest macroaggregates were observed under OF (60.12 g 100 g −1 dry soil) management practices followed by IPNS options. The MWD was significantly increased (+17%) between surface and subsurface soil. Maximum MWD was reported with OF (0.93 mm) management practices followed by the IPNS + C (0.78 mm), IPNS + B (0.77 mm), IPNS (0.70 mm), STCR (0.69 mm), NPK (0.67 mm), and unfertilized control (0.66 mm) plots. Overall, results suggest that the adoption of IPNS options, such as organic farming (OF), RDF, STCR, and inclusion of pulses (berseem and cowpea), significantly improved all soil aggregation fractions in the soil system and also offered an additional benefit in terms of soil sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Sunita Kumari Meena & Brahma Swaroop Dwivedi & Mahesh Chand Meena & Saba Prasad Datta & Vinod Kumar Singh & Rajendra Prasad Mishra & Debashish Chakraborty & Abir Dey & Vijay Singh Meena, 2022. "Impact of Long-Term Nutrient Supply Options on Soil Aggregate Stability after Nineteen Years of Rice–Wheat Cropping System," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:11:y:2022:i:9:p:1465-:d:905104
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash, 2021. "Restoring the Unrestored: Strategies for Restoring Global Land during the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (UN-DER)," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-19, February.
    2. Luján Soto, Raquel & Cuéllar Padilla, Mamen & de Vente, Joris, 2020. "Participatory selection of soil quality indicators for monitoring the impacts of regenerative agriculture on ecosystem services," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    3. Rattan Lal, 2015. "Restoring Soil Quality to Mitigate Soil Degradation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-21, May.
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    1. Naomi di Santo & Ilaria Russo & Roberta Sisto, 2022. "Climate Change and Natural Resource Scarcity: A Literature Review on Dry Farming," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-25, November.

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