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The Moderating Role of Finance, Accounting, and Digital Disruption in ESG, Financial Reporting, and Auditing: A Triple-Helix Perspective

Author

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  • Enkeleda Lulaj

    (Faculty of Business, University Haxhi Zeka, Eliot Engel, 30000 Peja, Kosovo
    Faculty of Accounting & Finance, Lincoln University College, Wisma Lincoln, No. 12-18, Jalan SS 6/12, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia)

  • Mileta Brajković

    (Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Mediterranean University, Bulevar Josipa Broza bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro)

Abstract

This study investigates the moderating role of finance, accounting, and digital disruption (FADD) in the relationship between auditing and sustainability (AS) and financial reporting and ESG integration (FRESGI) through the triple-helix perspective. Drawing on data from 200 experts across corporate, academic, and governmental sectors in Kosovo (2024–Q1 2025), the research applied advanced statistical techniques, including EFA, CFA, and moderation analysis using SPSS and AMOS, to explore both direct and interaction effects. The results reveal that FADD significantly enhances ESG integration, with strong direct effects observed in the corporate sector (β = 0.259, p < 0.001) and public institutions (β = 0.281, p < 0.001). However, the moderation analysis shows that the government dimension of FADD (FADD_2) negatively influences the relationship between corporate sustainability practices (AS_1) and ESG reporting, indicating limited coordination across sectors. These findings highlight the need for aligned, sector-specific strategies that harness digital innovation and financial transformation to strengthen sustainable auditing and reporting practices. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics working to advance ESG integration across complex institutional ecosystems.

Suggested Citation

  • Enkeleda Lulaj & Mileta Brajković, 2025. "The Moderating Role of Finance, Accounting, and Digital Disruption in ESG, Financial Reporting, and Auditing: A Triple-Helix Perspective," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-33, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:18:y:2025:i:5:p:245-:d:1647817
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