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An Inductive Approach to Quantitative Methodology—Application of Novel Penalising Models in a Case Study of Target Debt Level in Swedish Listed Companies

Author

Listed:
  • Åsa Grek

    (School of Culture and Society, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden)

  • Fredrik Hartwig

    (Department of Business and Economics Studies, University of Gävle, 801 76 Gävle, Sweden)

  • Mark Dougherty

    (School of Information Technology, Halmstad University, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden)

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for conducting quantitative inductive research on survey data when the variable of interest follows an ordinal distribution. A methodology based on novel and traditional penalising models is described. The main aim of this study is to pedagogically present the method utilising the new penalising methods in a new application. A case was employed to outline the methodology. The case aims to select explanatory variables correlated with the target debt level in Swedish listed companies. The survey respondents were matched with accounting information from the companies’ annual reports. However, missing data were present: to fully utilise penalising models, we employed classification and regression tree (CART)-based imputations by multiple imputations chained equations (MICEs) to address this problem. The imputed data were subjected to six penalising models: grouped multinomial lasso, ungrouped multinomial lasso, parallel element linked multinomial-ordinal (ELMO), semi-parallel ELMO, nonparallel ELMO, and cumulative generalised monotone incremental forward stagewise (GMIFS). While the older models yielded several explanatory variables for the hypothesis formation process, the new models (ELMO and GMIFS) identified only one quick asset ratio. Subsequent testing revealed that this variable was the only statistically significant variable that affected the target debt level.

Suggested Citation

  • Åsa Grek & Fredrik Hartwig & Mark Dougherty, 2024. "An Inductive Approach to Quantitative Methodology—Application of Novel Penalising Models in a Case Study of Target Debt Level in Swedish Listed Companies," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:17:y:2024:i:5:p:207-:d:1394977
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hovakimian, Armen & Opler, Tim & Titman, Sheridan, 2001. "The Debt-Equity Choice," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 36(1), pages 1-24, March.
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