IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijfss/v11y2023i4p145-d1297732.html

Research on Pricing Methods of Convertible Bonds Based on Deep Learning GAN Models

Author

Listed:
  • Gui Ren

    (Department of Finance, School of Economics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China)

  • Tao Meng

    (Department of Finance, School of Economics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China)

Abstract

This paper proposes two data-driven models (including LSTM pricing model, WGAN pricing model) and an improved model of LSM based on GAN to analyze the pricing of convertible bonds. In addition, the LSM model with higher precision in traditional pricing model is selected for comparative study with other pricing models. It is found that the traditional LSM pricing model has a large error in the first-day pricing, and the pricing function needs to be further improved. Among the four pricing models, LSTM pricing model and WGAN pricing model have the best pricing effect. The WGAN pricing model is better than the LSTM pricing model (0.21%), and the LSM improved model (1.17%) is better than the traditional LSM model (2.26%). Applying the generative deep learning model GAN to the pricing of convertible bonds can circumvent the harsh preconditions of assumptions, and significantly improve the pricing effect of the traditional model. The scope of application of each model is different. Therefore, this paper proves the feasibility of the GAN model applied to the pricing of convertible bonds, and enriches the pricing function of derivatives in the financial field.

Suggested Citation

  • Gui Ren & Tao Meng, 2023. "Research on Pricing Methods of Convertible Bonds Based on Deep Learning GAN Models," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-27, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijfss:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:145-:d:1297732
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7072/11/4/145/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7072/11/4/145/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Adriano Koshiyama & Nick Firoozye & Philip Treleaven, 2021. "Generative adversarial networks for financial trading strategies fine-tuning and combination," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(5), pages 797-813, May.
    2. Feng, Yun & Huang, Bing-hua & Huang, Yu, 2016. "Valuing resettable convertible bonds: Based on path decomposing," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 279-290.
    3. Akihiko Takahashi & Takao Kobayashi & Naruhisa Nakagawa, 2001. ""Pricing Convertible Bonds with Credit Risk: A Duffie-Singleton Approach "(in Japanese)," CIRJE J-Series CIRJE-J-45, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    4. Jin‐Chuan Duan, 1995. "The Garch Option Pricing Model," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(1), pages 13-32, January.
    5. Hull, John & White, Alan, 1988. "The Use of the Control Variate Technique in Option Pricing," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 23(3), pages 237-251, September.
    6. Brennan, M J & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 1977. "Convertible Bonds: Valuation and Optimal Strategies for Call and Conversion," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(5), pages 1699-1715, December.
    7. Akihiko Takahashi & Takao Kobayashi & Naruhisa Nakagawa, 2001. "Pricing Convertible Bonds with Default Risk: A Duffie-Singleton Approach," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-140, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    8. Cox, John C. & Ross, Stephen A. & Rubinstein, Mark, 1979. "Option pricing: A simplified approach," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 229-263, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xiaoyu Tan & Zili Zhang & Xuejun Zhao & Shuyi Wang, 2022. "DeepPricing: pricing convertible bonds based on financial time-series generative adversarial networks," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-38, December.
    2. Ammann, Manuel & Kind, Axel & Wilde, Christian, 2003. "Are convertible bonds underpriced? An analysis of the French market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 635-653, April.
    3. Ammann, Manuel & Kind, Axel & Wilde, Christian, 2008. "Simulation-based pricing of convertible bonds," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 310-331, March.
    4. Tian‐Shyr Dai & Chen‐Chiang Fan & Liang‐Chih Liu & Chuan‐Ju Wang & Jr‐Yan Wang, 2022. "A stochastic‐volatility equity‐price tree for pricing convertible bonds with endogenous firm values and default risks determined by the first‐passage default model," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(12), pages 2103-2134, December.
    5. Jonathan A. Batten & Karren Lee-Hwei Khaw & Martin R. Young, 2014. "Convertible Bond Pricing Models," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(5), pages 775-803, December.
    6. Ali Bora Yigitsbasioglu & Dmitri Lvov & Naoufel El-Bachir, 2004. "Pricing Convertible Bonds by Simulation," ICMA Centre Discussion Papers in Finance icma-dp2004-14, Henley Business School, University of Reading, revised Aug 2004.
    7. Weihan Li & Jin E. Zhang & Xinfeng Ruan & Pakorn Aschakulporn, 2024. "An empirical study on the early exercise premium of American options: Evidence from OEX and XEO options," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(7), pages 1117-1153, July.
    8. Steven L. Heston & Alberto G. Rossi, 2017. "A Spanning Series Approach to Options," The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 7(1), pages 2-42.
    9. Engstrom, Malin & Norden, Lars, 2000. "The early exercise premium in American put option prices," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 10(3-4), pages 461-479, December.
    10. Lim, Terence & Lo, Andrew W. & Merton, Robert C. & Scholes, Myron S., 2006. "The Derivatives Sourcebook," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 1(5–6), pages 365-572, April.
    11. San-Lin Chung & Mark Shackleton, 2005. "On the use and improvement of Hull and White's control variate technique," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(16), pages 1171-1179.
    12. Yang, Xiaofeng & Yu, Jinping & Xu, Mengna & Fan, Wenjing, 2018. "Convertible bond pricing with partial integro-differential equation model," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 35-50.
    13. Zhongdi Cen & Anbo Le & Aimin Xu, 2012. "A Second-Order Difference Scheme for the Penalized Black–Scholes Equation Governing American Put Option Pricing," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 40(1), pages 49-62, June.
    14. Zhou, Qi-Yuan & Wu, Chong-Feng & Feng, Yun, 2007. "Decomposing and valuing callable convertible bonds: a new method based on exotic options," MPRA Paper 7421, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Mark Joshi & Mike Staunton, 2012. "On the analytical/numerical pricing of American put options against binomial tree prices," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(1), pages 17-20, December.
    16. Bing-Huei Lin & Mao-Wei Hung & Jr-Yan Wang & Ping-Da Wu, 2013. "A lattice model for option pricing under GARCH-jump processes," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 295-329, October.
    17. Lin Zhao & Sweder van Wijnbergen, 2013. "A Real Option Perspective on Valuing Gas Fields," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 13-126/VI/DSF60, Tinbergen Institute.
    18. Yoram Landskroner & Alon Raviv, 2008. "The valuation of inflation‐indexed and FX convertible bonds," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(7), pages 634-655, July.
    19. Alex W.H. Chan & Nai-fu Chen, 2006. "Convertible Bond Underpricing: Renegotiable Covenants, Seasoning and Convergence," CIRJE F-Series CIRJE-F-437, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo.
    20. Kocagil, Ahmet E. & Eduardo, Benjamin E., 1996. "Impacts of new environmental standards on mining industry: The case of Peru," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 291-310, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijfss:v:11:y:2023:i:4:p:145-:d:1297732. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager The email address of this maintainer does not seem to be valid anymore. Please ask MDPI Indexing Manager to update the entry or send us the correct address (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.