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Evaluation of Formal and Informal Spatial Coastal Area Planning Process in Baltic Sea Region

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  • Edgars Pudzis

    (Institute of the Civil Engineering and Real Estate Economics, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia)

  • Sanda Geipele

    (Institute of the Civil Engineering and Real Estate Economics, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia)

  • Armands Auzins

    (Institute of the Civil Engineering and Real Estate Economics, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia)

  • Andrejs Lazdins

    (Institute of the Civil Engineering and Real Estate Economics, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia)

  • Jevgenija Butnicka

    (The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development, 1494 Riga, Latvia)

  • Krista Krumina

    (The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development, 1494 Riga, Latvia)

  • Indra Ciuksa

    (The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development, 1494 Riga, Latvia)

  • Maris Kalinka

    (Institute of the Civil Engineering and Real Estate Economics, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia)

  • Una Krutova

    (Institute of the Civil Engineering and Real Estate Economics, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia)

  • Mark Grimitliht

    (Saaremaa Municipality, 93819 Kuressaare, Estonia)

  • Marii Prii-Pärn

    (Saaremaa Municipality, 93819 Kuressaare, Estonia)

  • Charlotta Björklund

    (The Government of Åland, 22 100 Mariehamn, Finland)

  • Susanne Vävare

    (The Government of Åland, 22 100 Mariehamn, Finland)

  • Johanna Hagström

    (Mariehamn Municipality, 22 101 Mariehamn, Finland)

  • Ingela Granqvist

    (Norrköping Municipality, 601 81 Norrköping, Sweden)

  • Malin Josefina Hallor

    (Norrköping Municipality, 601 81 Norrköping, Sweden)

Abstract

Many shared views of both scholars and practitioners reflect spatial planning as a place-creating process that must be understood from a multi-level perspective. Formal and informal planning modes have variations in planning practices in different countries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the interaction of formal and informal spatial planning in the frame of the spatial planning system in the Baltic Sea region. We were searching to highlight the involvement possibilities of territorial communities in the spatial planning process around the Baltic Sea region, focusing on coastal areas and their specific features in Latvia, Estonia, the Åland Islands of Finland, and Sweden. Involved experts expressed views based on a pre-developed model to identify how institutionalized formal spatial planning relates with informal interventions. This allowed the development and proposal of a model for coastal area spatial planning and implementation. We concluded that in the spatial planning approach, the governance works differently in different countries, and coastal area spatial planning differs from regular spatial planning. The information base is sufficient to initiate spatial planning at the municipal level, but municipalities should be more active, involving territorial communities in the planning, implementation, and control of municipal spatial planning, as this ensures a greater interest in the use of planning outcome.

Suggested Citation

  • Edgars Pudzis & Sanda Geipele & Armands Auzins & Andrejs Lazdins & Jevgenija Butnicka & Krista Krumina & Indra Ciuksa & Maris Kalinka & Una Krutova & Mark Grimitliht & Marii Prii-Pärn & Charlotta Björ, 2021. "Evaluation of Formal and Informal Spatial Coastal Area Planning Process in Baltic Sea Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:9:p:4895-:d:548763
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. MacQueen, K.M. & McLellan, E. & Metzger, D.S. & Kegeles, S. & Strauss, R.P. & Scotti, R. & Blanchard, L. & Trotter II, R.T., 2001. "What is community? An evidence-based definition for participatory public health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(12), pages 1929-1938.
    2. Matthew Carmona, 2017. "The formal and informal tools of design governance," Journal of Urban Design, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 1-36, January.
    3. Armands Auziņš, 2019. "Capitalising on the European Research Outcome for Improved Spatial Planning Practices and Territorial Governance," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-13, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yan Yan & Qingyuan Yang & Kangchuan Su & Guohua Bi & Yuanqing Li, 2022. "Farmers’ Willingness to Gather Homesteads and the Influencing Factors—An Empirical Study of Different Geomorphic Areas in Chongqing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Yue Wu & Yi Zhang & Zexu Han & Siyuan Zhang & Xiangyi Li, 2022. "Examining the Planning Policies of Urban Villages Guided by China’s New-Type Urbanization: A Case Study of Hangzhou City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-25, December.
    3. Kukulska-Kozieł, Anita, 2023. "Buildable land overzoning. Have new planning regulations in Poland resolved the issue?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).

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