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Tourism and Sustainability in Times of COVID-19: The Case of Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Libertad Moreno-Luna

    (Department of Business and Sociology, Universidad of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Rafael Robina-Ramírez

    (Department of Business and Sociology, Universidad of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain)

  • Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez

    (Department of Business and Sociology, Universidad of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain)

  • José Castro-Serrano

    (Department of Art and Land Sciences, Universidad of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to study the effects of the spread of the COVID-19 virus in different regions and its impact on the economy and regional tourist flows. To this end, the researchers have been guided by a set of propositions which they have tried to demonstrate with the results obtained. This research shows that the impact of the pandemic is still being evaluated. The analysis of the relationship between the tourism sector and the pandemic outbreak in Spain provides an instructive case study to assist tourism in its recovery process. The paper delves into the impacts on the main Spanish touristic regions during the pandemic and providing implications for tourism recovery. In Spain, the tourism sector is of major economic importance, becoming one of the most vulnerable countries when crisis affects this industry. The negative image of the country due to the high infection rates has had a negative impact on travel and tourism. The Balearic Islands have been the most affected region with an 87% decrease in tourist visitors. The trips made by Spanish residents inside the Spanish territory shows the first increase found in the series analyzed. Domestic tourism not only represents an opportunity for all regions in this critical situation, but the types of accommodation also play a key role.

Suggested Citation

  • Libertad Moreno-Luna & Rafael Robina-Ramírez & Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez & José Castro-Serrano, 2021. "Tourism and Sustainability in Times of COVID-19: The Case of Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1859-:d:499315
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Emrullah Erul & Kyle Maurice Woosnam & John Salazar & Abdullah Uslu & José António C. Santos & Erose Sthapit, 2023. "Future Travel Intentions in Light of Risk and Uncertainty: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-20, November.
    2. Deely, John & Hynes, Stephen & Cawley, Mary & Hogan, Sarah, 2023. "Modelling domestic marine and coastal tourism demand using logit and travel cost count models," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 123-136.
    3. Weidi Zhang & Lei Wen, 2022. "An Examination of the Variables Affecting the Growth of the Tourist Sector in Guizhou Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-21, September.
    4. Ketan Bhatt & Claudia Seabra & Sunil Kumar Kabia & Kumar Ashutosh & Amit Gangotia, 2022. "COVID Crisis and Tourism Sustainability: An Insightful Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-23, September.
    5. Mariano Soler-Porta & Beatriz Rodríguez Díaz, 2024. "Family Businesses Overcoming the COVID-19 Crisis with Innovation: An Exploratory Analysis of the Jewelry Retail Sector in Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-14, March.
    6. Rodolfo Anes Silveira & Henrique São Mamede, 2024. "Strengthening the Resilience and Perseverance of Rural Accommodation Enterprises in the Iberian Depopulated Areas through Enterprise Architecture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-36, January.
    7. Conceição Gomes & Cátia Malheiros & Filipa Campos & Luís Lima Santos, 2022. "COVID-19’s Impact on the Restaurant Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-21, September.
    8. Mandeep Mahendru & Vibha Arora & Ravi Chatterjee & Gagan Deep Sharma & Irum Shahzadi, 2024. "From Over-Tourism to Under-Tourism via COVID-19: Lessons for Sustainable Tourism Management," Evaluation Review, , vol. 48(1), pages 177-210, February.
    9. Fernando Rebola & Luís Loures & Paulo Ferreira & Ana Loures, 2022. "Inland or Coastal: That’s the Question! Different Impacts of COVID-19 on the Tourism Sector in Portugal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-9, December.
    10. Gokhan Ozkaya & Ayse Demirhan, 2022. "Multi-Criteria Analysis of Sustainable Travel and Tourism Competitiveness in Europe and Eurasia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-26, November.
    11. Nuno Sousa & Filipa Jorge & Mário Sérgio Teixeira & Nieves Losada & Miguel Melo & Maximino Bessa, 2023. "An Exploratory Study about the Effect of COVID-19 on the Intention to Adopt Virtual Reality in the Tourism Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-13, May.
    12. Bartosz Korinth, 2022. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International Tourism Income in Tourism Receiving Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-12, October.

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