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Psychometric Properties of the Berger HIV Stigma Scale: A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Stanley W. Wanjala

    (Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Campus UZ-Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
    Department of Social Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi P.O. Box 195-80108, Kenya)

  • Ezra K. Too

    (Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya)

  • Stanley Luchters

    (Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Campus UZ-Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
    Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya
    Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia)

  • Amina Abubakar

    (Institute for Human Development, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya
    Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi P.O. Box 195-80108, Kenya
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
    Neuroassessment Group, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi P.O. Box 230-80108, Kenya)

Abstract

Addressing HIV-related stigma requires the use of psychometrically sound measures. However, despite the Berger HIV stigma scale (HSS) being among the most widely used measures for assessing HIV-related stigma, no study has systematically summarised its psychometric properties. This review investigated the psychometric properties of the HSS. A systematic review of articles published between 2001 and August 2021 was undertaken (CRD42020220305) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additionally, we searched the grey literature and screened the reference lists of the included studies. Of the total 1241 studies that were screened, 166 were included in the review, of which 24 were development and/or validation studies. The rest were observational or experimental studies. All the studies except two reported some aspect of the scale’s reliability. The reported internal consistency ranged from acceptable to excellent (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.70) in 93.2% of the studies. Only eight studies reported test–retest reliability, and the reported reliability was adequate, except for one study. Only 36 studies assessed and established the HSS’s validity. The HSS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of HIV-related stigma. However, the validity evidence came from only 36 studies, most of which were conducted in North America and Europe. Consequently, more validation work is necessary for more precise insights.

Suggested Citation

  • Stanley W. Wanjala & Ezra K. Too & Stanley Luchters & Amina Abubakar, 2021. "Psychometric Properties of the Berger HIV Stigma Scale: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-29, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:13074-:d:700077
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maria H Lindberg & Lena Wettergren & Maria Wiklander & Veronica Svedhem-Johansson & Lars E Eriksson, 2014. "Psychometric Evaluation of the HIV Stigma Scale in a Swedish Context," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(12), pages 1-16, December.
    2. James Ayieko & Lillian Brown & Sibyl Anthierens & Annelies Van Rie & Monica Getahun & Edwin D Charlebois & Maya L Petersen & Tamara D Clark & Moses R Kamya & Craig R Cohen & Elizabeth A Bukusi & Diane, 2018. "“Hurdles on the path to 90-90-90 and beyond”: Qualitative analysis of barriers to engagement in HIV care among individuals in rural East Africa in the context of test-and-treat," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(8), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Adriana ZAIT & Patricea Elena BERTEA, 2011. "Methods For Testing Discriminant Validity," Management and Marketing Journal, University of Craiova, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, vol. 0(2), pages 217-224, November.
    4. Nella Otoobea Anakwa & Enoch Teye-Kwadjo & Irene A. Kretchy, 2021. "Effect of HIV-Related Stigma and HIV-Related Stress on HIV Disclosure Concerns: a Study of HIV-Positive Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy at Two Urban Hospitals in Ghana," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 16(3), pages 1249-1264, June.
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