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Measuring Forgiveness: Psychometric Properties of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale in the Spanish Population

Author

Listed:
  • Karla Gallo-Giunzioni

    (Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain)

  • María Prieto-Ursúa

    (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28049 Madrid, Spain)

  • Cristina Fernández-Belinchón

    (Servicio de Urgencias Médicas de Madrid (SUMMA 112), 28045 Madrid, Spain)

  • Octavio Luque-Reca

    (Department of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Given the scarcity of instruments in Spanish to measure forgiveness, two studies were conducted in this population to obtain validity evidence of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), an instrument that measures dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. In the first study, 203 students (65% women) participated. After ensuring the linguistic adequacy and clarity of the wording of the items, a lack of congruence was found between the factors obtained in the exploratory factor analysis and the original theoretical structure of the HFS. A sample of 512 participants (63.9% women) attended the second study. This study aimed to analyze the construct validity of the HFS using confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modelling and to explore convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. Of the different factorial configurations tested (including the original), only a scale reduction to eight items, grouped into three factors, showed an appropriate fit. The HFS eight-item version also showed acceptable internal consistency, adequate convergent and discriminant validity, and criterion validity with respect to related variables. These findings suggest that the eight-item version of the HFS may be a valid and reliable tool for assessing forgiveness for self, others, and situations in Spanish adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Karla Gallo-Giunzioni & María Prieto-Ursúa & Cristina Fernández-Belinchón & Octavio Luque-Reca, 2020. "Measuring Forgiveness: Psychometric Properties of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale in the Spanish Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2020:i:1:p:45-:d:466976
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henry Kaiser, 1974. "An index of factorial simplicity," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 39(1), pages 31-36, March.
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