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Determinants of Bone Health Status in a Multi-Ethnic Population in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Chin Yi Chan

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Shaanthana Subramaniam

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Norazlina Mohamed

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Norliza Muhammad

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Ahmad Fairus

    (Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Pei Yuen Ng

    (Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Nor Aini Jamil

    (Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Noorazah Abd Aziz

    (Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

  • Kok-Yong Chin

    (Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia)

Abstract

Background and objectives: Studies on osteoporosis risk factors are limited in Malaysia, so this study assesses the factors associated with bone health assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among Malaysians aged ≥40 years. Subjects and Methods: Data on demography, medical history, dietary and lifestyle practices of 786 Malaysians (51.4% women) aged ≥40 years recruited in Klang Valley were obtained. Their body composition and bone health were determined using DXA. The association between risk factors and bone health status was assessed using binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of suboptimal bone health and osteoporosis was higher in women (59.4% and 16.1%) than men (40.8% and 8.4%). Overall, the predictors of suboptimal bone health and osteoporosis among the subjects were increased age and higher fat mass. Lower monthly income was positively associated with osteoporosis. Being menopausal was a risk factor for both suboptimal bone health and osteoporosis in women. Women with no formal education were more likely to get osteoporosis. Being a smoker and Chinese were positively related to suboptimal bone health among men. Meanwhile, predictors of osteoporosis among men were regular alcohol and dairy product consumption, higher fat mass and having a tertiary education. Conclusions: This study calls for immediate and effective interventions for middle-aged and elderly populations with risk factors to halt the progression of bone loss.

Suggested Citation

  • Chin Yi Chan & Shaanthana Subramaniam & Norazlina Mohamed & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana & Norliza Muhammad & Ahmad Fairus & Pei Yuen Ng & Nor Aini Jamil & Noorazah Abd Aziz & Kok-Yong Chin, 2020. "Determinants of Bone Health Status in a Multi-Ethnic Population in Klang Valley, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:384-:d:305932
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chin Yi Chan & Shaanthana Subramaniam & Kok-Yong Chin & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana & Norliza Muhammad & Ahmad Fairus & Pei Yuen Ng & Nor Aini Jamil & Noorazah Abd Aziz & Norazlina Mohamed, 2019. "Levels of Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding Osteoporosis and the Associations with Bone Mineral Density among Populations More Than 40 Years Old in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Kok-Yong Chin & Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana, 2016. "Lessons from the Bone Chapter of the Malaysian Aging Men Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Hae-Dong Jang & Jae-Young Hong & Kyungdo Han & Jae Chul Lee & Byung-Joon Shin & Sung-Woo Choi & Seung-Woo Suh & Jae-Hyuk Yang & Si-Young Park & Chungwon Bang, 2017. "Relationship between bone mineral density and alcohol intake: A nationwide health survey analysis of postmenopausal women," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(6), pages 1-11, June.
    4. Chin Yi Chan & Shaanthana Subramaniam & Kok-Yong Chin & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana & Norliza Muhammad & Ahmad Fairus & Abdul Manap Mohd Rizal & Pei Yuan Ng & Jamil Nor Aini & Noorazah Abd Aziz & Norazlina , 2019. "Knowledge, Beliefs, Dietary, and Lifestyle Practices Related to Bone Health among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese in Klang Valley, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-20, May.
    5. Kok-Yong Chin & Nie Yen Low & Wan Ilma Dewiputri & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwanaa, 2017. "Factors Associated with Bone Health in Malaysian Middle-Aged and Elderly Women Assessed via Quantitative Ultrasound," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-13, July.
    6. Gökhan S. Hotamisligil, 2006. "Inflammation and metabolic disorders," Nature, Nature, vol. 444(7121), pages 860-867, December.
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    1. Chin Yi Chan & Shaanthana Subramaniam & Kok-Yong Chin & Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana & Norliza Muhammad & Ahmad Fairus & Pei Yuen Ng & Jamil Nor Aini & Noorazah Abd Aziz & Norazlina Mohamed, 2022. "Effect of a Screening and Education Programme on Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding Osteoporosis among Malaysians," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-16, May.

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