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Bone-Loading Physical Activity and Alcohol Intake but not BMI Affect Areal Bone Mineral Density in Young College-Aged Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

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  • Dong Jun Sung

    (Division of Sport and Health Studies, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea
    Sports Convergence Institute, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea)

  • Harshvardhan Singh

    (Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1716 9th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA)

  • Seung-Bum Oh

    (Division of Sport and Health Studies, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Korea)

  • SoJung Kim

    (Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 3 Solomont Way, Lowell, MA 01854, USA)

Abstract

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the differences in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) based on alcohol consumption behaviors, bone-loading history as assessed by a bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ), and the body mass index (BMI). College-aged female students ( N = 112) were recruited from the universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, South Korea. The aBMD of the lumbar spine and non-dominant side of the proximal femur (total hip, TH; femoral neck, FN; femoral trochanter, FT) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Alcohol consumption was determined by the frequency and amount of alcohol intake during the past 12 months using a self-reported questionnaire. The X-scan plus II was used to measure height (cm), body mass (kg), fat-free mass (FFM, kg), and % body fat. Drinking two or more times alcohol per week was associated with greater aBMD of the TH ( p = 0.04–0.002) and FN ( p = 0.043) compared to a lower frequency of alcohol consumption and 2–4 times per month, respectively. Based on the drinking amount per occasion, there were no significant group differences ( p > 0.05) in aBMD at any of the sites. The highest group of total BPAQ had greater aBMD of the TH, FN, and FT versus the lowest ( p = 0.023–0.009) and mid of total BPAQ groups ( p = 0.004–0.009). Additionally, the highest group had greater aBMD of the lumbar spine compared to the mid group ( p = 0.001). No significant group differences in aBMD at any of the sites were noted based on the BMI ( p > 0.05). Young college-aged women with greater bone-loading physical activity showed greater aBMD at the TH, FN, FT, and lumbar spine, while a moderate alcohol intake was associated with greater aBMD of the TH and FN. These findings have clinical implications for young women who may not participate in high-impact physical activity and are binge drinkers.

Suggested Citation

  • Dong Jun Sung & Harshvardhan Singh & Seung-Bum Oh & SoJung Kim, 2019. "Bone-Loading Physical Activity and Alcohol Intake but not BMI Affect Areal Bone Mineral Density in Young College-Aged Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:5063-:d:297006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Boyoung Park & Ha Na Cho & Eunji Choi & Da Hea Seo & Sue Kim & Yeong-Ran Park & Kui Son Choi & Yumie Rhee, 2019. "Self-perceptions of body weight status according to age-groups among Korean women: A nationwide population-based survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Hae-Dong Jang & Jae-Young Hong & Kyungdo Han & Jae Chul Lee & Byung-Joon Shin & Sung-Woo Choi & Seung-Woo Suh & Jae-Hyuk Yang & Si-Young Park & Chungwon Bang, 2017. "Relationship between bone mineral density and alcohol intake: A nationwide health survey analysis of postmenopausal women," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(6), pages 1-11, June.
    3. Gotzone Hervás & Fatima Ruiz-Litago & Jon Irazusta & Amaia Irazusta & Begoña Sanz & Javier Gil-Goikouria & Ana Belen Fraile-Bermudez & Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo & Idoia Zarrazquin, 2019. "Bone Health and Its Relationship with Impact Loading and the Continuity of Physical Activity throughout School Periods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-12, August.
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