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Characteristics of and Public Health Emergency Responses to COVID-19 and H1N1 Outbreaks: A Case-Comparison Study

Author

Listed:
  • Qian Wang

    (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Contribute equally to this study and are co-first authors of the paper.)

  • Tiantian Zhang

    (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Contribute equally to this study and are co-first authors of the paper.)

  • Huanhuan Zhu

    (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Ying Wang

    (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Xin Liu

    (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Ge Bai

    (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Ruiming Dai

    (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Ping Zhou

    (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

  • Li Luo

    (School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)

Abstract

Background: Recently, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has already spread rapidly as a global pandemic, just like the H1N1 swine influenza in 2009. Evidences have indicated that the efficiency of emergency response was considered crucial to curb the spread of the emerging infectious disease. However, studies of COVID-19 on this topic are relatively few. Methods: A qualitative comparative study was conducted to compare the timeline of emergency responses to H1N1 (2009) and COVID-19, by using a set of six key time nodes selected from international literature. Besides, we also explored the spread speed and peak time of COVID-19 and H1N1 swine influenza by comparing the confirmed cases in the same time interval. Results: The government’s entire emergency responses to the epidemic, H1N1 swine influenza (2009) completed in 28 days, and COVID-19 (2019) completed in 46 days. Emergency responses speed for H1N1 was 18 days faster. As for the epidemic spread speed, the peak time of H1N1 came about 4 weeks later than that of COVID-19, and the H1N1 curve in America was flatter than COVID-19 in China within the first four months after the disease emerged. Conclusions: The speed of the emergency responses to H1N1 was faster than COVID-19, which might be an important influential factor for slowing down the arrival of the peak time at the beginning of the epidemic. Although COVID-19 in China is coming to an end, the government should improve the public health emergency system, in order to control the spread of the epidemic and lessen the adverse social effects in possible future outbreaks.

Suggested Citation

  • Qian Wang & Tiantian Zhang & Huanhuan Zhu & Ying Wang & Xin Liu & Ge Bai & Ruiming Dai & Ping Zhou & Li Luo, 2020. "Characteristics of and Public Health Emergency Responses to COVID-19 and H1N1 Outbreaks: A Case-Comparison Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-10, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:12:p:4409-:d:373792
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. George Verikios & Maura Sullivan & Pane Stojanovski & James Giesecke & Gordon Woo, 2016. "Assessing Regional Risks From Pandemic Influenza: A Scenario Analysis," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(8), pages 1225-1255, August.
    2. Declan Butler, 2010. "Portrait of a year-old pandemic," Nature, Nature, vol. 464(7292), pages 1112-1113, April.
    3. Ewen Callaway & David Cyranoski & Smriti Mallapaty & Emma Stoye & Jeff Tollefson, 2020. "The coronavirus pandemic in five powerful charts," Nature, Nature, vol. 579(7800), pages 482-483, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. An Cheng & Tonghui Chen & Guogang Jiang & Xinru Han, 2021. "Can Major Public Health Emergencies Affect Changes in International Oil Prices?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-13, December.

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