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A Systematic Review Exploring the Economic Valuation of Accessing and Using Green and Blue Spaces to Improve Public Health

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  • Mary Lynch

    (School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2EF, UK
    Centre for Health Economics and Medicine Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2PZ, UK)

  • Llinos Haf Spencer

    (Centre for Health Economics and Medicine Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2PZ, UK)

  • Rhiannon Tudor Edwards

    (Centre for Health Economics and Medicine Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2PZ, UK)

Abstract

Contact with the natural environment in green and blue spaces can have a valuable influence on population physical and mental health and wellbeing. The aim of this study is to explore the economic evidence associated with the public’s value for accessing, using and improving local environments to undertake recreational activity and consuming the associated health benefits of green and blue spaces. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted. Peer-reviewed articles were sought using electronic databases, scrutiny of reference lists, experts and grey literature. All relevant papers meeting the criteria were critically appraised for methodological quality using the Drummond checklist. The review search concluded with 12 papers applying the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the quality with a narrative analysis conducted under the themes. Results suggest the public value access to green and blue spaces to undertake recreational activities and avoid delay or losing the recreational experience and associated health benefits. The public are willing to pay between £5.72 and £15.64 in 2019 value estimates for not postponing or losing an outdoor experience and for walking in local environments under current and improved environmental conditions, respectively. Valuation estimates indicate the public value green and blue spaces and are willing to pay to improve local environments to gain the health benefits of undertaking leisure activities in green and blue spaces.

Suggested Citation

  • Mary Lynch & Llinos Haf Spencer & Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, 2020. "A Systematic Review Exploring the Economic Valuation of Accessing and Using Green and Blue Spaces to Improve Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:11:p:4142-:d:369582
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sofia Marini & Mario Mauro & Alessia Grigoletto & Stefania Toselli & Pasqualino Maietta Latessa, 2022. "The Effect of Physical Activity Interventions Carried Out in Outdoor Natural Blue and Green Spaces on Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Fuyuan Wang & Rundong Feng, 2021. "Spatial Coupling and Causal Effects between the Recreational Use of Ecological Land and Restoration: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Xinrui Wang & Libin Ouyang & Jian Lin & Pengfei An & Wanjing Wang & Lin Liu & Longfeng Wu, 2023. "Spatial Patterns of Urban Green-Blue Spaces and Residents’ Well-Being: The Mediating Effect of Neighborhood Social Cohesion," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, July.
    4. Ryuichi Ohta & Megumi Nishida & Nobuyasu Okuda & Chiaki Sano, 2021. "The Smiles of Older People through Recreational Activities: Relationship between Smiles and Joy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-8, February.
    5. Xindi Zhang & Yixin Zhang & Jun Zhai & Yongfa Wu & Anyuan Mao, 2021. "Waterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-15, November.
    6. Llinos Haf Spencer & Mary Lynch & Catherine L. Lawrence & Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, 2020. "A Scoping Review of How Income Affects Accessing Local Green Space to Engage in Outdoor Physical Activity to Improve Well-Being: Implications for Post-COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-15, December.

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