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Association between Precipitation and Diarrheal Disease in Mozambique

Author

Listed:
  • Lindsay M. Horn

    (Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, P.O. Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

  • Anjum Hajat

    (Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, P.O. Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

  • Lianne Sheppard

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, P.O. Box 357234, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, P.O. Box 357232, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

  • Colin Quinn

    (United States Agency for International Development (USAID 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA)

  • James Colborn

    (Clinton Global Health Initiative, 383 Dorchester Ave., Suite 400, Boston, MA 02127, USA)

  • Maria Fernanda Zermoglio

    (Chemonics International, 1717 H St NW # 1, Washington, DC 20006, USA)

  • Eduardo S. Gudo

    (Instituto Nacional de Saude, Av Eduardo Mondlane, 1008, 2nd Floor, P.O. Box 264, Maputo, Mozambique)

  • Tatiana Marrufo

    (Instituto Nacional de Saude, Av Eduardo Mondlane, 1008, 2nd Floor, P.O. Box 264, Maputo, Mozambique)

  • Kristie L. Ebi

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, P.O. Box 357234, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
    Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, P.O. Box 357965, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

Abstract

Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Although research documents the magnitude and pattern of diarrheal diseases are associated with weather in particular locations, there is limited quantification of this association in sub-Saharan Africa and no studies conducted in Mozambique. Our study aimed to determine whether variation in diarrheal disease was associated with precipitation in Mozambique. In secondary analyses we investigated the associations between temperature and diarrheal disease. We obtained weekly time series data for weather and diarrheal disease aggregated at the administrative district level for 1997–2014. Weather data include modeled estimates of precipitation and temperature. Diarrheal disease counts are confirmed clinical episodes reported to the Mozambique Ministry of Health ( n = 7,315,738). We estimated the association between disease counts and precipitation, defined as the number of wet days (precipitation > 1 mm) per week, for the entire country and for Mozambique’s four regions. We conducted time series regression analyses using an unconstrained distributed lag Poisson model adjusted for time, maximum temperature, and district. Temperature was similarly estimated with adjusted covariates. Using a four-week lag, chosen a priori, precipitation was associated with diarrheal disease. One additional wet day per week was associated with a 1.86% (95% CI: 1.05–2.67%), 1.37% (95% CI: 0.70–2.04%), 2.09% (95% CI: 1.01–3.18%), and 0.63% (95% CI: 0.11–1.14%) increase in diarrheal disease in Mozambique’s northern, central, southern, and coastal regions, respectively. Our study indicates a strong association between diarrheal disease and precipitation. Diarrheal disease prevention efforts should target areas forecast to experience increased rainfall. The burden of diarrheal disease may increase with increased precipitation associated with climate change, unless additional health system interventions are undertaken.

Suggested Citation

  • Lindsay M. Horn & Anjum Hajat & Lianne Sheppard & Colin Quinn & James Colborn & Maria Fernanda Zermoglio & Eduardo S. Gudo & Tatiana Marrufo & Kristie L. Ebi, 2018. "Association between Precipitation and Diarrheal Disease in Mozambique," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:4:p:709-:d:140363
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kathleen A. Alexander & Marcos Carzolio & Douglas Goodin & Eric Vance, 2013. "Climate Change is Likely to Worsen the Public Health Threat of Diarrheal Disease in Botswana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-29, March.
    2. Mariano Rabassa & Emmanuel Skoufias & Hanan Jacoby, 2014. "Weather and Child Health in Rural Nigeria," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 23(4), pages 464-492.
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    Cited by:

    1. Aderita Sena & Kristie Ebi, 2020. "When Land Is Under Pressure Health Is Under Stress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-24, December.
    2. Monika dos Santos & David Howard & Pieter Kruger & Arnaud Banos & Saul Kornik, 2019. "Climate Change and Healthcare Sustainability in the Agincourt Sub-District, Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Region, South Africa," Post-Print hal-01993273, HAL.
    3. Meghnath Dhimal & Dinesh Bhandari & Khem B. Karki & Srijan Lal Shrestha & Mukti Khanal & Raja Ram Pote Shrestha & Sushma Dahal & Bihungum Bista & Kristie L. Ebi & Guéladio Cissé & Amir Sapkota & David, 2022. "Effects of Climatic Factors on Diarrheal Diseases among Children below 5 Years of Age at National and Subnational Levels in Nepal: An Ecological Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-12, May.

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