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Temporal Trends and Correlates of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Physical Fitness among School-Aged Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

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  • Stella K. Muthuri

    (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
    Population Health, Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 7M9, Canada)

  • Lucy-Joy M. Wachira

    (Department of Physical and Health Education, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya)

  • Allana G. Leblanc

    (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
    Population Health, Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 7M9, Canada)

  • Claire E. Francis

    (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada)

  • Margaret Sampson

    (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada)

  • Vincent O. Onywera

    (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
    Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya)

  • Mark S. Tremblay

    (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
    Population Health, Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Ottawa, 1 Stewart Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 7M9, Canada
    Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya)

Abstract

Recent physical activity (PA) and fitness transitions, identified as behavioural shifts from traditionally active lifestyles to more industralised and sedentary lifestyles, have been observed among school-aged children. There is a wealth of supporting evidence of such behavioural transitions in high income countries; however, a paucity of data on lower income countries exists. These transitions pose a particular threat to the welfare of children by accelerating the onset of chronic diseases. This systematic review investigated the evidence for a PA and fitness transition among Sub-Saharan Africa’s school-aged children. Temporal trends and correlates of PA, SB, and fitness were examined. Studies were identified by searching the Medline, Embase, Africa Index Medicus, Global Health, Geobase, and EPPI-Centre electronic databases, and were included if they measured outcomes of interest in apparently healthy samples of children (5‒17 years). A total of 71 articles met the inclusion criteria (40 informed PA, 17 informed SB, and 37 informed fitness). Vast heterogeneity in study methodology complicated analysis of transitions over time and no temporal trends were immediately discernible. However, higher socioeconomic status, urban living, and female children were found to engage in lower levels of PA, higher SB, and performed worse on aerobic fitness measures compared to lower socioeconomic status, rural living, and male children. Data revealed that urbanization was associated with a trend towards decreased PA, increased SB, and decreased aerobic fitness over time. Representative, temporally sequenced data examining a PA and fitness transition are lacking in this region (PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42013004399).

Suggested Citation

  • Stella K. Muthuri & Lucy-Joy M. Wachira & Allana G. Leblanc & Claire E. Francis & Margaret Sampson & Vincent O. Onywera & Mark S. Tremblay, 2014. "Temporal Trends and Correlates of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Physical Fitness among School-Aged Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-33, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:3:p:3327-3359:d:34198
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Karl Peltzer & Supa Pengpid, 2011. "Overweight and Obesity and Associated Factors among School-Aged Adolescents in Ghana and Uganda," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-12, September.
    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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    2. Beverly Msambichaka & Ramadhani Abdul & Salim Abdulla & Paul Klatser & Marcel Tanner & Ramaiya Kaushik & Bettina Bringolf-Isler & Eveline Geubbels & Ikenna C. Eze, 2018. "A Cross-Sectional Examination of Physical Activity Levels and Their Socio-Demographic Determinants in Southern Tanzania," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Sonja Klingberg & Catherine E. Draper & Lisa K. Micklesfield & Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon & Esther M. F. van Sluijs, 2019. "Childhood Obesity Prevention in Africa: A Systematic Review of Intervention Effectiveness and Implementation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Karl Peltzer & Supa Pengpid, 2016. "Leisure Time Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviour and Lifestyle Correlates among Students Aged 13–15 in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Member States, 2007–2013," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-15, February.
    5. Cunjian Bi & Feng Zhang & Yang Gu & Yi Song & Xiaodi Cai, 2020. "Secular Trend in the Physical Fitness of Xinjiang Children and Adolescents between 1985 and 2014," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-14, March.
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    7. Fernanda Karina Dos Santos & José A. R. Maia & Thayse Natacha Q. F. Gomes & Timóteo Daca & Aspacia Madeira & Albertino Damasceno & Peter T. Katzmarzyk & António Prista, 2014. "Secular Trends in Habitual Physical Activities of Mozambican Children and Adolescents from Maputo City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-11, October.
    8. Adama Diouf & Mbeugué Thiam & Nicole Idohou-Dossou & Ousmane Diongue & Ndé Mégné & Khady Diallo & Pape Malick Sembène & Salimata Wade, 2016. "Physical Activity Level and Sedentary Behaviors among Public School Children in Dakar (Senegal) Measured by PAQ-C and Accelerometer: Preliminary Results," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-11, October.
    9. Adeline Pretorius & Paola Wood & Piet Becker & Friede Wenhold, 2022. "Physical Activity and Related Factors in Pre-Adolescent Southern African Children of Diverse Population Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-15, August.
    10. Clemens Drenowatz & Franz Hinterkörner & Klaus Greier, 2020. "Physical Fitness in Upper Austrian Children Living in Urban and Rural Areas: A Cross-Sectional Analysis with More Than 18,000 Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-12, February.

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