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Overview of Blockchain Oracle Research

Author

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  • Giulio Caldarelli

    (Department of Business Administration, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy)

Abstract

Whereas the use of distributed ledger technologies has previously been limited to cryptocurrencies, other sectors—such as healthcare, supply chain, and finance—can now benefit from them because of bitcoin scripts and smart contracts. However, these applications rely on oracles to fetch data from the real world, which cannot reproduce the trustless environment provided by blockchain networks. Despite their crucial role, academic research on blockchain oracles is still in its infancy, with few contributions and a heterogeneous approach. This study undertakes a bibliometric analysis by highlighting institutions and authors that are actively contributing to the oracle literature. Investigating blockchain oracle research state of the art, research themes, research directions, and converging studies will also be highlighted to discuss, on the one hand, current advancements in the field and, on the other hand, areas that require more investigation. The results also show that although worldwide collaboration is still lacking, various authors and institutions have been working in similar directions.

Suggested Citation

  • Giulio Caldarelli, 2022. "Overview of Blockchain Oracle Research," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-38, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jftint:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:175-:d:833902
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    4. Giulio Caldarelli, 2021. "Wrapping trust for interoperability. A study of wrapped tokens," Papers 2109.06847, arXiv.org.
    5. Giulio Caldarelli, 2022. "Formalizing Oracle Trust Models for blockchain-based business applications. An example from the supply chain sector," Papers 2202.13930, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2022.
    6. Giulio Caldarelli & Cecilia Rossignoli & Alessandro Zardini, 2020. "Overcoming the Blockchain Oracle Problem in the Traceability of Non-Fungible Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-17, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Conall Butler & Martin Crane, 2023. "Blockchain Transaction Fee Forecasting: A Comparison of Machine Learning Methods," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-26, May.
    2. Felipe Condon & Patricia Franco & José M. Martínez & Ali M. Eltamaly & Young-Chon Kim & Mohamed A. Ahmed, 2023. "EnergyAuction: IoT-Blockchain Architecture for Local Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in a Microgrid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-28, September.
    3. Giulio Caldarelli, 2023. "From Reality Keys to Oraclize. A Deep Dive into the History of Bitcoin Oracles," Papers 2302.07911, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2023.
    4. Ravi Kashyap, 2023. "DeFi Security: Turning The Weakest Link Into The Strongest Attraction," Papers 2312.00033, arXiv.org.

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