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Load Frequency Control in Isolated Micro-Grids with Electrical Vehicles Based on Multivariable Generalized Predictive Theory

Author

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  • Jun Yang

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Zhili Zeng

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
    Nanning Power Supply Bureau, Guangxi Power Grid Corporation, Nanning 530031, China)

  • Yufei Tang

    (Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jun Yan

    (Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Haibo He

    (Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yunliang Wu

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

In power systems, although the inertia energy in power sources can partly cover power unbalances caused by load disturbance or renewable energy fluctuation, it is still hard to maintain the frequency deviation within acceptable ranges. However, with the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technique, electric vehicles (EVs) can act as mobile energy storage units, which could be a solution for load frequency control (LFC) in an isolated grid. In this paper, a LFC model of an isolated micro-grid with EVs, distributed generations and their constraints is developed. In addition, a controller based on multivariable generalized predictive control (MGPC) theory is proposed for LFC in the isolated micro-grid, where EVs and diesel generator (DG) are coordinated to achieve a satisfied performance on load frequency. A benchmark isolated micro-grid with EVs, DG, and wind farm is modeled in the Matlab/Simulink environment to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results demonstrate that with MGPC, the energy stored in EVs can be managed intelligently according to LFC requirement. This improves the system frequency stability with complex operation situations including the random renewable energy resource and the continuous load disturbances.

Suggested Citation

  • Jun Yang & Zhili Zeng & Yufei Tang & Jun Yan & Haibo He & Yunliang Wu, 2015. "Load Frequency Control in Isolated Micro-Grids with Electrical Vehicles Based on Multivariable Generalized Predictive Theory," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:3:p:2145-2164:d:47000
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Yang, Jun & He, Lifu & Fu, Siyao, 2014. "An improved PSO-based charging strategy of electric vehicles in electrical distribution grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 82-92.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ioannis Skouros & Athanasios Karlis, 2020. "A Study on the V2G Technology Incorporation in a DC Nanogrid and on the Provision of Voltage Regulation to the Power Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Latif, Abdul & Hussain, S.M. Suhail & Das, Dulal Chandra & Ustun, Taha Selim, 2020. "State-of-the-art of controllers and soft computing techniques for regulated load frequency management of single/multi-area traditional and renewable energy based power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    3. Fei Zhao & Jinsha Yuan & Ning Wang & Zhang Zhang & Helong Wen, 2019. "Secure Load Frequency Control of Smart Grids under Deception Attack: A Piecewise Delay Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, June.
    4. Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy & Tomonobu Senjyu & Mohammed Abdel-Fattah Farahat & Amal Farouq Abdel-Gawad & Atsuhi Yona, 2017. "A Frequency Control Approach for Hybrid Power System Using Multi-Objective Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-22, January.
    5. Sudhanshu Ranjan & D. C. Das & A. Latif & N. Sinha, 2021. "Electric vehicles to renewable-three unequal areas-hybrid microgrid to contain system frequency using mine blast algorithm based control strategy," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 12(5), pages 961-975, October.
    6. Rao, Yingqing & Yang, Jun & Xiao, Jinxing & Xu, Bingyan & Liu, Wenjing & Li, Yonghui, 2021. "A frequency control strategy for multimicrogrids with V2G based on the improved robust model predictive control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    7. Jiandong Yang & Mingjiang Wang & Chao Wang & Wencheng Guo, 2015. "Linear Modeling and Regulation Quality Analysis for Hydro-Turbine Governing System with an Open Tailrace Channel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-16, October.
    8. Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy & Tomonobu Senjyu & Mohammed Abdel-Fattah Farahat & Amal Farouq Abdel-Gawad & Hidehito Matayoshi, 2017. "A Polar Fuzzy Control Scheme for Hybrid Power System Using Vehicle-To-Grid Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-25, July.
    9. Adlan Pradana & Mejbaul Haque & Mithulanathan Nadarajah, 2023. "Control Strategies of Electric Vehicles Participating in Ancillary Services: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-36, February.
    10. Peixiao Fan & Jia Hu & Song Ke & Yuxin Wen & Shaobo Yang & Jun Yang, 2022. "A Frequency–Pressure Cooperative Control Strategy of Multi-Microgrid with an Electric–Gas System Based on MADDPG," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-20, July.
    11. Hongyue Li & Xihuai Wang & Jianmei Xiao, 2018. "Differential Evolution-Based Load Frequency Robust Control for Micro-Grids with Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-19, June.
    12. Yuxin Wen & Peixiao Fan & Jia Hu & Song Ke & Fuzhang Wu & Xu Zhu, 2022. "An Optimal Scheduling Strategy of a Microgrid with V2G Based on Deep Q-Learning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    13. Xin Wang & Jun Yang & Lei Chen & Jifeng He, 2017. "Application of Liquid Hydrogen with SMES for Efficient Use of Renewable Energy in the Energy Internet," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-20, February.
    14. Paolo Scarabaggio & Raffaele Carli & Graziana Cavone & Mariagrazia Dotoli, 2020. "Smart Control Strategies for Primary Frequency Regulation through Electric Vehicles: A Battery Degradation Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, September.
    15. Dhanasekaran Boopathi & Kaliannan Jagatheesan & Baskaran Anand & Sourav Samanta & Nilanjan Dey, 2023. "Frequency Regulation of Interlinked Microgrid System Using Mayfly Algorithm-Based PID Controller," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, May.
    16. Saqib Yousuf & Viqar Yousuf & Neeraj Gupta & Talal Alharbi & Omar Alrumayh, 2023. "Enhanced Control Designs to Abate Frequency Oscillations in Compensated Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-20, February.
    17. Komboigo Charles & Naomitsu Urasaki & Tomonobu Senjyu & Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy & Lei Liu, 2018. "Robust Load Frequency Control Schemes in Power System Using Optimized PID and Model Predictive Controllers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-18, November.
    18. Md Mijanur Rahman & A. Hasib Chowdhury & Md Alamgir Hossain, 2017. "Improved Load Frequency Control Using a Fast Acting Active Disturbance Rejection Controller," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, October.
    19. Shitao Ruan, 2023. "Robust Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral Controller Tuning for Load Frequency Control of a Microgrid System with Communication Delay," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-17, July.
    20. Neofytos Neofytou & Konstantinos Blazakis & Yiannis Katsigiannis & Georgios Stavrakakis, 2019. "Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-23, February.
    21. Khokhar, Bhuvnesh & Parmar, K. P. Singh, 2022. "A novel adaptive intelligent MPC scheme for frequency stabilization of a microgrid considering SoC control of EVs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    22. Tawfiq M. Aljohani & Ahmed F. Ebrahim & Osama Mohammed, 2020. "Hybrid Microgrid Energy Management and Control Based on Metaheuristic-Driven Vector-Decoupled Algorithm Considering Intermittent Renewable Sources and Electric Vehicles Charging Lot," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-19, July.
    23. Thai-Thanh Nguyen & Hyeong-Jun Yoo & Hak-Man Kim, 2017. "Analyzing the Impacts of System Parameters on MPC-Based Frequency Control for a Stand-Alone Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, March.
    24. Hina Maqbool & Adnan Yousaf & Rao Muhammad Asif & Ateeq Ur Rehman & Elsayed Tag Eldin & Muhammad Shafiq & Habib Hamam, 2022. "An Optimized Fuzzy Based Control Solution for Frequency Oscillation Reduction in Electric Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-21, September.

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