The Potential of a Thermoelectric Heat Dissipation System: An Analytical Study

Thermoelectric heat dissipation systems offer unique advantages over conventional systems, including vibration-free operation, environmental sustainability, and enhanced controllability. This study examined the benefits of incorporating a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) into conventional heat sinks and investigated strategies to improve heat dissipation efficiency. A theoretical model introducing a dimensionless evaluation index ( r q ) is proposed to assess the system’s performance, which measures the ratio of the heat dissipation density of a conventional heat dissipation system to that of a thermoelectric heat dissipation system. Here, we subjectively consider 0.9 as a cutoff, and when r q < 0.9 , the thermoelectric heat dissipation system shows substantial superiority over conventional ones. In contrast, for r q > 0.9 , the advantage of the thermoelectric system weakens, making conventional systems more attractive. This analysis examined the effects of engineering leg length ( L * ), the heat transfer allocation ratio ( r h ), and temperature difference ( Δ T ) on heat dissipation capabilities. The results indicated that under a fixed heat source temperature, heat sink temperature, and external heat transfer coefficient, an optimal engineering leg length exists, maximizing the system’s heat dissipation performance. Furthermore, a detailed analysis revealed that the thermoelectric system demonstrated exceptional performance under small temperature differences, specifically when the temperature difference was below 32 K with the current thermoelectric (TE) materials. For moderate temperature differences between 32 K and 60 K, the system achieved optimal performance when r h ≥ − 2.4 + 1.37 e 0.019 Δ T . This work establishes a theoretical foundation for applying thermoelectric heat dissipation systems and provides valuable insights into optimizing hybrid heat dissipation systems.