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A Review of Electromagnetic Wind Energy Harvesters Based on Flow-Induced Vibrations

Author

Listed:
  • Yidan Zhang

    (College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)

  • Shen Li

    (College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)

  • Weilong Wang

    (College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)

  • Pengfei Zen

    (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China)

  • Chunlong Li

    (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China)

  • Yizhou Ye

    (College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)

  • Xuefeng He

    (College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China)

Abstract

The urgent demand of wireless sensor nodes for long-life and maintenance-free miniature electrical sources with output power ranging from microwatts to milliwatts has accelerated the development of energy harvesting technologies. For the abundant and renewable nature of wind in environments, flow-induced vibration (FIV)-based wind energy harvesting has emerged as a promising approach. Electromagnetic FIV wind energy harvesters (WEHs) show great potential for realistic applications due to their excellent durability and stability. However, electromagnetic WEHs remain less studied than piezoelectric WEHs, with few dedicated review articles available. This review analyzes the working principle, device structure, and performance characteristics of electromagnetic WEHs based on vortex-induced vibration, galloping, flutter, wake galloping vibration, and Helmholtz resonator. The methods to improve the output power, broaden the operational wind speed range, broaden the operational wind direction range, and enhance the durability are then discussed, providing some suggestions for the development of high-performance electromagnetic FIV WEHs.

Suggested Citation

  • Yidan Zhang & Shen Li & Weilong Wang & Pengfei Zen & Chunlong Li & Yizhou Ye & Xuefeng He, 2025. "A Review of Electromagnetic Wind Energy Harvesters Based on Flow-Induced Vibrations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-28, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:14:p:3835-:d:1704793
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Zhang, L.B. & Dai, H.L. & Abdelkefi, A. & Lin, S.X. & Wang, L., 2019. "Theoretical modeling, wind tunnel measurements, and realistic environment testing of galloping-based electromagnetic energy harvesters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    3. Hai Dang Le & Soon-Duck Kwon, 2021. "Design and Experiments of a Galloping-Based Wind Energy Harvester Using Quadruple Halbach Arrays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, September.
    4. Olivieri, Stefano & Boccalero, Gregorio & Mazzino, Andrea & Boragno, Corrado, 2017. "Fluttering conditions of an energy harvester for autonomous powering," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 530-538.
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