IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v18y2025i13p3328-d1686861.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Adaptive Damping PTO Control of Wave Energy Converter for Irregular Waves Supported by Wavelet Transformation

Author

Listed:
  • Runhua He

    (School of Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China)

  • Guanghua He

    (School of Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
    School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Penglin Jing

    (School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Zhengxiao Luan

    (School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Chaogang Liu

    (School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China)

Abstract

The power take-off (PTO) control strategy plays a crucial role in the heave response and power absorption of wave energy converters (WECs). This paper presents an adaptive damping PTO system to increase the power absorption of an oscillating-float WEC considering irregular wave conditions. A mathematical model of the WEC is established based on linear wave theory and validated by the Co-simulation of AMESIM and STAR-CCM+. The heave response and the power absorption of the WEC are calculated by the mathematical model, and an optimal damping database for the PTO system is constructed. The wavelet transformation is applied to analyze the frequencies distribution versus time history of irregular waves. The proposed optimal damping control (ODC) is employed to optimize the power absorption of the adaptive damping PTO system under two types of irregular waves. The results show that ODC can improve power absorption by allowing the WEC to adapt to different sea states. Compared to constant damping control (CDC), optimal damping control (ODC) increases the power absorption of the float by 62.5% in combined waves and up to 30 W in irregular waves.

Suggested Citation

  • Runhua He & Guanghua He & Penglin Jing & Zhengxiao Luan & Chaogang Liu, 2025. "Adaptive Damping PTO Control of Wave Energy Converter for Irregular Waves Supported by Wavelet Transformation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-25, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:13:p:3328-:d:1686861
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3328/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3328/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peng, Wei & Zhang, Yingnan & Zou, Qingping & Zhang, Jisheng & Li, Haoran, 2024. "Effect of varying PTO on a triple floater wave energy converter-breakwater hybrid system: An experimental study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    2. Zang, Zhipeng & Zhang, Qinghe & Qi, Yue & Fu, Xiaoying, 2018. "Hydrodynamic responses and efficiency analyses of a heaving-buoy wave energy converter with PTO damping in regular and irregular waves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 527-542.
    3. Dong, Feng & Pan, Shangzhi & Gong, Jinwu & Cai, Yuanqi, 2023. "Maximum power point tracking control strategy based on frequency and amplitude control for the wave energy conversion system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    4. He, Guanghua & Zhao, Chuankai & Liu, Chaogang & He, Runhua & Luan, Zhengxiao, 2024. "Power absorption and dynamic response analysis of a hybrid system with a semi-submersible wind turbine and a Salter's duck wave energy converter array," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    5. Khatri, Pooja & Liu, Zhenwei & Rudolph, James & Wang, Xu, 2023. "A study of a modified design of dumbbell-shaped flux switching tubular linear generator for regular wave energy conversion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 287-300.
    6. Liu, Jingxuan & Li, Xiaofan & Yang, Lisheng & Wu, Xian & Huang, Jianuo & Mi, Jia & Zuo, Lei, 2024. "Achieving optimum power extraction of wave energy converters through tunable mechanical components," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    7. Harms, Julius & Hollm, Marten & Dostal, Leo & Kern, Thorsten A. & Seifried, Robert, 2022. "Design and optimization of a wave energy converter for drifting sensor platforms in realistic ocean waves," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    8. Ali, Raza & Meek, Moira & Robertson, Bryson, 2025. "Submerged wave energy converter dynamics and the impact of PTO-mooring configuration on power performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Azam, Ali & Ahmed, Ammar & Yi, Minyi & Zhang, Zutao & Zhang, Zeqiang & Aslam, Touqeer & Mugheri, Shoukat Ali & Abdelrahman, Mansour & Ali, Asif & Qi, Lingfei, 2024. "Wave energy evolution: Knowledge structure, advancements, challenges and future opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    2. Yao, Ganzhou & Luo, Zirong & Lu, Zhongyue & Wang, Mangkuan & Shang, Jianzhong & Guerrerob, Josep M., 2023. "Unlocking the potential of wave energy conversion: A comprehensive evaluation of advanced maximum power point tracking techniques and hybrid strategies for sustainable energy harvesting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    3. Zhang, Tingsheng & Kong, Lingji & Zhu, Zhongyin & Wu, Xiaoping & Li, Hai & Zhang, Zutao & Yan, Jinyue, 2024. "An electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting system based on series coupling input mechanism for freight railroads," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PA).
    4. Jahangir, Mohammad Hossein & Hosseini, Seyed Sina & Mehrpooya, Mehdi, 2018. "A detailed theoretical modeling and parametric investigation of potential power in heaving buoys," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 201-209.
    5. Bao, Jian & Yu, Dingyong, 2024. "Hydrodynamic performance optimization of a cost-effective WEC-type floating breakwater with half-airfoil bottom," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    6. Xuhui Yue & Jintao Zhang & Feifeng Meng & Jiaying Liu & Qijuan Chen & Dazhou Geng, 2023. "Multi-Timescale Lookup Table Based Maximum Power Point Tracking of an Inverse-Pendulum Wave Energy Converter: Power Assessments and Sensitivity Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-25, August.
    7. Ropero-Giralda, Pablo & Crespo, Alejandro J.C. & Tagliafierro, Bonaventura & Altomare, Corrado & Domínguez, José M. & Gómez-Gesteira, Moncho & Viccione, Giacomo, 2020. "Efficiency and survivability analysis of a point-absorber wave energy converter using DualSPHysics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1763-1776.
    8. Yu, Mingqi & Cao, Feifei & Shi, Hongda & Wu, Hongjian & Ma, Xu & Wu, Weimin & Zhang, Xiantao, 2025. "Heave attitude self-sustaining vs. rocker-type wave energy converter: A comparative study using both experimental and numerical methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    9. Jin, Siya & Patton, Ron J. & Guo, Bingyong, 2018. "Viscosity effect on a point absorber wave energy converter hydrodynamics validated by simulation and experiment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 500-512.
    10. Jingwei Cao & Jinkai Liu & Xin Liu & Chongji Zeng & Hewen Hu & Yongyao Luo, 2025. "A Review of Marine Renewable Energy Utilization Technology and Its Integration with Aquaculture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-29, May.
    11. Xuhui, Yue & Qijuan, Chen & Zenghui, Wang & Dazhou, Geng & Donglin, Yan & Wen, Jiang & Weiyu, Wang, 2019. "A novel nonlinear state space model for the hydraulic power take-off of a wave energy converter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 465-479.
    12. Cheng, Yong & Xi, Chen & Dai, Saishuai & Ji, Chunyan & Collu, Maurizio & Li, Mingxin & Yuan, Zhiming & Incecik, Atilla, 2022. "Wave energy extraction and hydroelastic response reduction of modular floating breakwaters as array wave energy converters integrated into a very large floating structure," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PA).
    13. Mingye Huang & Aiwu Peng & Lingzhi Zhao, 2025. "Analysis of Different Winding Configuration on Electromagnetic Performance of Novel Dual Three-Phase Outer-Rotor Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine for Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy Genera," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, February.
    14. Yue Hong & Irina Temiz & Jianfei Pan & Mikael Eriksson & Cecilia Boström, 2021. "Damping Studies on PMLG-Based Wave Energy Converter under Oceanic Wave Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    15. Chenhua Ni & Xiandong Ma, 2018. "Prediction of Wave Power Generation Using a Convolutional Neural Network with Multiple Inputs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
    16. Xuhui Yue & Feifeng Meng & Zhoubo Tong & Qijuan Chen & Dazhou Geng & Jiaying Liu, 2023. "Implementation Process Simulation and Performance Analysis for the Multi-Timescale Lookup-Table-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking under Variable Irregular Waves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-26, November.
    17. Jin, Siya & Patton, Ron J. & Guo, Bingyong, 2019. "Enhancement of wave energy absorption efficiency via geometry and power take-off damping tuning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 819-832.
    18. Xing Su & Jinmao Chen & Liqian Yuan & Wanli Xu & Chunhua Xiong & Xudong Wang, 2025. "Current Status of Development and Application of Ocean Renewable Energy Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-32, June.
    19. Rodríguez, Claudio A. & Rosa-Santos, Paulo & Taveira-Pinto, Francisco, 2019. "Assessment of damping coefficients of power take-off systems of wave energy converters: A hybrid approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1022-1038.
    20. Fankai Kong & Hengxu Liu & Weiming Su & Jingtao Ao & Hailong Chen & Fengmei Jing, 2019. "Analytical and Numerical Analysis of the Dynamics of a Moonpool Platform–Wave Energy Buoy (MP–WEB)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-24, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:18:y:2025:i:13:p:3328-:d:1686861. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.